Opaque regions

A different approach, whereby the resolution may be improved by 50-100%, is based on the use of phase-shifting transmission masks. The latter contain opaque regions, as conventional masks do, but some of the apertures are covered with a transparent phase-shifting material, which reverses the phase of the light passing through them. The interaction of phase-shifted with non-phase-... 

Historically emulsifier cocktails have been prepared using a single emulsifier, such as Triton X-100, with toluene and fluors. This paper will discuss the advantages of cocktail preparation using blended emulsifier systems. Blends of emulsifiers may be used to optimize sp>ecific performance such as sample capacity of the clear liquid region, stability of gel phases, or elimination of opaque regions. 

Photomask with transparent and opaque regions that define device patterns. 

This second edition provided an opportunity to include many additions and correct some errors. Amongst other improvements tables and figures concerning opaque regions and error-signals in the infrared were added. We also appreciate correspondence which led to a number of corrections. 

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