One-Dimensional Porous Structures

The effect of tortuosity becomes insignificant in 1-D monolithic channeled stractures, as schematically shown in Fig. 1(b). The straight path for ion transport in the electrolyte gives the fast and open channel for ionic conduction while 1-D bulk stmcture provides short and continuous pathways for electron transport. The rapid transport of electroactive species makes the overall process facile, leading to increased energy and power densities. Moreover, as far as the wall of the 1-D stmcture can be controlled to be thin enough, reaction-induced mechanical disintegration of the electrode can be suppressed and at the same time the extremely short 

Long and narrow 1-D nano-porous structures, however, result in large loss of the driving force for the reaction, as evident from Eq. (1). Accordingly, it is quite unlikely that the ionic species moves rapidly inside or out of the 1-D nano-porous stmcture with narrow and deep pores. This is unfavorable for sustained high-rate operation of the electrochemical devices. 

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