Omission-causation

C Causation The lack of reasonable care must have caused or contributed to the injury if a label would not have been read by the patient in any event, an omission from it might not have caused injury... 

I-Causation for example, side-effect of the drug The act(s) or omission(s)... 

The problem of apparent as against true inconsistencies also comes up when comparisons are made between the results of epidemiology studies and experimental animal studies. Dinitrochickenwire (DNC) causes cancer in rats, but there is no evidence that it does so in humans. This statement could be uttered for several hundred chemicals. But before it is accepted at face value, it is critical to inquire whether the speaker means that no epidemiology data exist for DNC (in which case the speaker has committed a sin of omission), or whether he means that epidemiology studies have been conducted and are negative in regard to causation. If the latter is the case, it is important to inquire further whether the studies were sufficiently powerful to rule out a risk the size of the one that DNC produced in animals. If they were sufficiently... 

Kim suggests that there may be dependence/influence where there is no mind-body causation. Ifso, then dependence is too weak to ground genuine mind-body causation. He mentions four kinds of situations backtrackers, common causes, epiphenomenalism, and omissions, where dependence holds but there is no causation. 

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