Oligosaccharide names

CEC was recently applied to the separation of derivatized mono- and oligosaccharides, namely ... 

Structure Trivial name of oligosaccharide Name of sphingoglycolipid... 

A central theme of carbohydrate chemistry today is the construction of oligosaccharides as they are found in glycoproteins (H. Paulsen, 1990). Three closely related methods have proven to be reliable in complex syntheses, namely the halide, imidate, and thioglycoside methods. 

Note. This prefix does not include the oxygen of the glycosidic group. This is the appropriate method for naming natural products if the trivial name includes the OH group. The system is also used to name oligosaccharides (see 2-Carb-37). 

There are two established methods in use for citing locants either in parentheses between the glycosyl and glycose terms, or in front of the glycosyl prefix, as in the names of glycosides. The former (preferred) method is derived from that used to designate residues in oligosaccharides (see 2-Carb-37 and -38). 

If derivatives are to be named on the basis of the trivial name, the component cited last in the systematic name receives locants with no primes, the preceding component singly-primed locants, etc. However, naming of trisaccharide and higher oligosaccharide derivatives systematically is preferred, to avoid ambiguity. 

Higher oligosaccharides are named systematically in the same way. However, it is often preferable to give their structures by use of the symbolic approach outlined in 2-Carb-38). 

Cyclic oligosaccharides composed of a single type of oligosaccharide unit may be named semisystematically by citing the prefix cyclo , followed by terms indicating the type of linkage [e.g. malto for a-(l—>4)-linked glucose units], the number of units (e.g. hexa for six) and the termination -ose . The trivial names a-cyclodex-trin (a-CD) for cyclomaltohexaose, (i-cyclodextrin ((i-CD) for cyclomaltoheptaose and y-cyclodextrin (y-CD) for cyclomaltooctaose are well established. 

Note. The cyclic oligosaccharides arising from enzymic transglycosylation of starch have been referred to as Schardinger dextrins. These names (and those of the cyclohexaamylose type) are not recommended, but the abbreviation CD is tolerated. 

Cyclic oligosaccharides composed of a single type of residue can be named by giving the systematic name of the glycosyl residue, preceded by the linkage type in parentheses, preceded in turn by cyclo- with a multiplicative suffix (i.e. cyclohexakis- etc.)... 

We now want to turn to another experiment which, we must make clear at the start, does not have any relationship in theory to NOE experiments. In fact the theory is so complicated that we shall not say anything about it at all, but just refer you to one of the books in the Appendix. We are including this experiment because of its unique advantages when the spectrum has overlapping multiplets. It is called TOCSY, which stands for Total Correlation SpectroscopY (it has a second, more amusing name HOHAHA, standing for HOmonuclear HArtmann-HAhn), and is of particular use when oligosaccharides or peptides are under study. 

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