Oil Refining and Petrochemistry

Zeolites have ordered micropores smaller than 2nm in diameter and are widely used as catalysts and supports in many practical reactions. Some zeolites have solid acidity and show shape-selectivity, which gives crucial effects in the processes of oil refining and petrochemistry. Metal nanoclusters and complexes can be synthesized in zeolites by the ship-in-a-bottle technique (Figure 1) [1,2], and the composite materials have also been applied to catalytic reactions. However, the decline of catalytic activity was often observed due to the diffusion-limitation of substrates or products in the micropores of zeolites. To overcome this drawback, newly developed mesoporous silicas such as FSM-16 [3,4], MCM-41 [5], and SBA-15 [6] have been used as catalyst supports, because they have large pores (2-10 nm) and high surface area (500-1000 m g ) [7,8]. The internal surface of the channels accounts for more than 90% of the surface area of mesoporous silicas. With the help of the new incredible materials, template synthesis of metal nanoclusters inside mesoporous channels is achieved and the nanoclusters give stupendous performances in various applications [9]. In this chapter, nanoclusters include nanoparticles and nanowires, and we focus on the synthesis and catalytic application of noble-metal nanoclusters in mesoporous silicas. 

Martino G, Catalysts for Oil Refining and Petrochemistry, Recent Developments and Future Trends, Proc. 12th International Congress on Catalysis, Granada (Spain), Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 130 83, 2000. 

Here we will describe the main aspects of the chemistry involved in selected zeolite-catalyzed processes in the field of oil refining and petrochemistry, such as short paraffin aromatization, skeletal isomerization of n-paraffins and n-olefins, isoparaffin/olefin alkylation, and catalytic cracking. 

A. Corma, "Zeolites in Oil Refining and Petrochemistry", in Zeolites Microporous Solids Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity, Derouane et al. (Eds.), NATO ASI Series, (1992). 

Here, wc will present the important catalytic processes in the field of oil refining and petrochemistry that use zeolites as catalysts. Catalyst activity and product distribution will be discussed on the bases of the most important zeolite variables pore dimensions and topology, acid sile density and strength, and crystallite size. 

In the field of applications, one chapter overviews the progress in zeolilic membranes which slowly, but steadily, are coming into practical use. Three chapters deal with the use of zeolites and mesoporous materials as catalysts in organic conversions. These range from the fascinating ship-in-boltle systems via cascade reactions to bulk applications in oil refining and petrochemistry. 

Zhorov Yu. M. Modeling of Oil Refining and Petrochemistry Physicochemical Processes (Russ. Ed), Moscow, Khimia, 1978 [in Russian]. 

Therefore, wide introduction of columns with a dividing wall into fine chemical industry, into oil-refining and petrochemistry, is occurring. 

Zeolites are the most successful example of porous catalyst that find application in multitone scale industrial processes of oil refining and petrochemistry [27]. Cracking, reforming, and alkylation are processes in which zeolites are applied [28]. Processes in oil refining and... 

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