Ofloxacin Milk

Lactation It is not known whether ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, or ofloxacin appears in breast milk following ophthalmic use. Exercise caution when administering ciprofloxacin to a nursing mother. 

The quinolones are rapidly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration and are widely distributed in body tissues. Levels in extravascular spaces can often exceed serum levels. Levels lower than those found in serum occur in CSF, bone, and prostatic fluids. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin have been detected in breast milk and ofloxacin levels in ascites fluid are close to serum levels. Food ingestion does not affect bioavailability, which ranges from 50 to 95%. The half-life for most quinolones is 3 to 4 hours. 

Milk and dairy foods decrease the absorption of some tetracyclines (doxycycline and minocycline are not affected), some quinolone antibiotics (absorption of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin is decreased but ofloxacin is not affected), penicillamine and alendronate. Large volumes of milk can reduce the ulcer-healing properties of bismuth tripotassium dicitratobismuthate (bismuth chelate),... 

ABSORPTION, FATE, AND EXCRETION The quinolones are weU absorbed after oral administration and are widely distributed. Peak serum levels of the fluoroquinolones occur within 1-3 hours of an oral dose of 400 mg. Relatively low serum levels are reached with norfloxacin and limit its usefulness to the treatment of urinary tract infections. Food does not impair oral absorption but may delay the time to peak serum concentrations. Oral doses in adults are 200-400 mg every 12 hours for ofloxacin, 400 mg every 12 hours for norfloxacin and pefloxacin, and 250-750 mg every 12 hours for ciprofloxacin. Bioavailabrlity of the fluoroquinolones exceeds 50% for all agents and 95% for several. The serum half-lives range from 3 to 5 hours for norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin to 20 hours for sparfloxacin. The volume of distribution of quinolones is high, with concentrations in urine, kidney, lung and prostate tissue, stool, bUe, and macrophages and neutrophils higher than serum levels. Quinolone concentrations in CSF, bone, and prostatic fluid are lower than in serum. Pefloxacin and ofloxacin levels in ascites fluid approach serum levels, and ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and pefloxacin have been detected in human breast milk. 

A study in 21 healthy subjects found that 8 oz (about 250 mL) of milk had no clinically significant effects on the absorption of300 mg of ofloxacin. Another study confirmed the lack of a significant interaction between ofloxacin and both milk and yoghurt. ... 

Dudley MN, Marchbanks CR, Flor SC, Beals B. The effect of food or milk on the absorption kinetics of ofloxacin. EurJ Clin Pharmacol (1991) 41, 569-71. 

Neuvonen PJ, Kivisto KT. Milk and yoghurt do not impair the absorption of ofloxacin. BrJ Clin Pharmacol (1992) 33, 346-8. 

Fast analysis of ofloxacin and lidocaine (as bactericide and analgesic) is of clinic importance for understanding the patient s medical process. A sensitive method for the determination of lidocaine, ofloxacin [46], enrolloxacin (ENR), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) [47] by CE integrated with ECL detection has been developed based on porous etched joint and end-column Ru(bpy)3 ECL and successfully applied to determine ENR and CIP in milk with a solid-phase extraction procedure. The proposed method explores detection limits of lidocaine, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin as 3.0 x 10 , 5.0 x 10 , 10 x 10 , and 15 x 10 mol L respectively (S/N = 3). CE-ECL detection method has also been used to characterize disopyramide with a detection limit of 2.5 x 10 mol L (S/N = 3) [48], and procaine hydrolysis as a probe for butyrylcholinesterase by in vitro procaine metabolism in plasma with butyrylcholinesterase acting as bioscavenger. Procaine and its metabolite N, A-diethylethanolamine were separated at 16 kV with... 

W.J. Tang, T. Zhao, C.H. Zhou, X.J. Guan, and H.X. Zhang, Preparation of hollow molecular imprinting polymer for determination of ofloxacin in milk. Anal Methods, 6, 3309-3315, 2014. 

J. Zhang, L.L. Wang, J.Q. Ma, and Y.L. Wang, Preparation of ofloxacin poly(glycidyl meth-acrylate-co-ethylenedimethacrylate) (PGMA/EDMA) molecularly imprinted microspheres and their application to the analysis of quinolones in milk. Food Anal. Methods, 1,721-729, 2014. 

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