Offshore Peru

Offshore Peru, Drilling Barge, Explosion/Fire Blowout incident. 

Hypoxia has also been observed on the continental shelves considerably offshore. Most has been ascribed to natural coastal upwelling, such as off Peru and western Africa. But in some settings, such as coastal Oregon and New Jersey, controversy exists as to the role of anthropogenic forcing. For New Jersey, the most dramatic hypoxic episode... 

In some localities, apatite occurs as nodules on the sea bed, as phosphatic limestone, and in various other forms. These varieties are generally too dispersed or have such a low concentration of apatite that their commercial exploitation does not at present assume much importance. The extent of deep-sea bed apatite has been little explored and available information relates mostly to shallow offshore regions. These regions include Portugal, Morocco, South West Africa, Peru, Chile, southern California, eastern New Zealand, eastern China and eastern United States. Phosphorite is present in snbmerged monntains, mostly in the North Pacific [26-32]. 

The basic pattern of Walter s (1979) ideal continent — single dry seasons north and south of the Equator, and either a double wet season or continuously wet conditions close to it — is subject to some variation, because continents are neither symmetrical nor level. Adjacent continents, cold currents close to the shore, and mountain ranges can all modify the basic pattern. In East Africa, the presence of the dry Arabian landmass to the north-east means that winds from that direction are dry. The Horn of Africa is therefore much drier than would be expected from its proximity to the sea. (This is clearly not the whole story, because the corresponding area in South America, north-eastern Brazil, also has a drier climate than might otherwise be expected.) In south-western Africa, the cold waters of the Benguela current immediately offshore mean that the onshore winds are not saturated with water, so rainfall is very low and, again, somewhat unpredictable. This is paralleled in South America in northern coastal Chile and Peru, where the cold Humboldt current offshore leads to extreme aridity onshore and thus the Atacama desert, one of the driest places in the world. In both these areas, much of the available moisture comes from mists. The Senegal current produces a similar but less maiked effect in north-western Africa. 

---