Off-peak heating

Electrical heating systems can be broadly divided into two categories unrestricted local heating and off-peak heating. 

More insulation, and heat materials during off-peak hours ... 

Figure 3. Zero CO2 emission IE carrier system using the thermally regenerative reformer driven by off-peak electricity and heat from renewable energy and nuclear power plants.

When higher-temperature heat is available, other systems are possible. A school in Munich, Germany, dehydrated 7 metric tons of zeolites using 130°C steam in the district heating system during off-peak hours, then passed moist air over them in the day to recover the heat.201 Pellets of calcium hydroxide containing zinc, aluminum, and copper additives were dehydrated to calcium oxide using solar heat from a solar concentrator then the reaction was reversed to recover the heat.202 Zeolite 13X has been used to store carbon dioxide obtained from the decomposition of calcium carbonate at 825°C (15.2).203 Such temperatures are available with solar furnaces (where a whole field of mirrors focus on the reaction vessel). 

Obviously, the procedure followed in this example is far from optimum. It is not advisable to apply a step-shaped temperature profile. It is better to switch off the heat supply immediately after initiating the reaction and then start cooling intensively. After the temperature peak has passed, the temperature can be kept at the desired level by moderate cooling. Figure 8 (left) shows that a procedure in which... 

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