Process of flow

Various experimental methods to evaluate the kinetics of flow processes existed even in the last centuty. They developed gradually with the expansion of the petrochemical industry. In the 1940s, conversion versus residence time measurement in tubular reactors was the basic tool for rate evaluations. In the 1950s, differential reactor experiments became popular. Only in the 1960s did the use of Continuous-flow Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs) start to spread for kinetic studies. A large variety of CSTRs was used to study heterogeneous (contact) catalytic reactions. These included spinning basket CSTRs as well as many kinds of fixed bed reactors with external or internal recycle pumps (Jankowski 1978, Berty 1984.)... 

The aim given above refers to the possibility of integration of multiple functions in a micro device here, this refers to the combination of flow processing and sensing [22]. 

J. Gotz, K. Zick, C. Heinen, T. Konig 2002, (Visualisation of flow processes in packed beds with NMR imaging Determination of the local porosity, velocity vector and local dispersion coefficients), Chem. Eng. Process. 41 (7), 611-630. 

Kopp A., Class H., et al. Investigations on C02 storage capacity in saline aquifers part 1. Dimentional analysis of flow processes and reservoir characteristics. 2009 International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 3(3) 263-276. 

For analytical studies involving the interplay of flow processes and chemical reactions, we require a set of chemically balanced equations that lead from the known reactants to the measured reaction products. For the complete oxidation of CH4, this last statement implies that we need a reaction scheme producing only H20 and C02. This requirement is incompatible with Equations 1-1 to 1-10. To achieve consistency, we first replace Equation I—1 by the balanced process... 

We note that our previous descriptions of flow processes have tacitly assumed laminar flow. For example, flow in capillaries was described by balancing pressure-derived forces against viscous forces, ignoring acceleration (inertial) effects. Darcy s law, Eq. 4.18, is also based on laminar flow. With turbulence, flow resistance increases the pressure gradient is no longer linearly related to flow (see Eqs. 4.18 through 4.20) but increases more rapidly as expressed by... 

Penner, S. S., Introduction to the Study of the Chemistry of Flow Processes, Chap. 1. Butterworth, London, 1955. 

It is customary for chemical reactor engineers to start their analysis of flow processes occurring in a reactor with the formulation of species conservation equations along with the energy conservation equations. The reactor fluid dynamics is often simplified... 

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