Octane solvents

A plot of log(Mp/p) vs. p yields a from either the slope or the intercept (see Figure 2) the "goodness of fit" is indicated by the relative agreement of a obtained from the slope or the intercept. For CpCo(C0>2 5 the data yield a = 0.81 from the slope and 0.84 frcm the intercept considering the fact that a blank contribution from the n-octane solvent had to be subtracted out of C5- Cio, the agreement is good. Typical values of a are 0.80-0.87 ( ). 

Fig. 6. Reaction rate coefficients for the combination of f-butyl radicals in Aj n-hexa-decane solvent V, n-dodecane solvent , n-decane solvent X, n-octane solvent 8 n-heptane solvent and of allyl radicals in propane ( ) and melhylallyl radicals in isobutane (O) plotted against the Smoluchowski—Stokes—Einstein rate coefficient, eqn. (30). The broken line is of unit slope. The solid line is a comparison of the steady-state (t-> >) Collins and Kimball rate coefficient [eqn. (26)] with the activation rate coefficient, feact = 1011 dm3 mol-1 s 1 and the diffusion-limited rate coefficient 4irRD replaced by eqn. (30). After Schuh and Fischer [40].

Chiarizia, R., Briand, A. 2007. Third phase formation in the extraction of inorganic acids by TBP in n-octane. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 25 (3) 351-371. 

Reboiled absorption methane-butane (5 components) octane solvent 25 8 3.5 3.6... 

Fig lb Binary adsorption isotherm of C6 and CIO. Open symbols mesitylene solvent closed symbols iso-octane solvent 60... 

A conceptual process for ethylene dimerization in the presence of tantalum or niobium based catalysts has been developed by MIT researchers [6-8]. The technology is based on a metal hydride-based homogeneous catalyst that selectively dimerizes ethylene to butene-1. The particular catalyst is neopentylidene complex of tantalum or niobium. The preparation of the homogeneous catalyst is rather a complex process the tantalum complex is prepared by reacting tri-neopentyl tantalum dichloride, Ta(CH2CMe3)3Cl2 and neopentyl lithium LiCH2CMe3 in octane solvent to yield thermally stable neopentylidene tantalum catalyst in quantitative yield. 

Fresh and recycled ethylene plus octane solvent are fed into the dimerization reactor operating at 100 atm. and 80°C. The dimerization takes place in a homogeneous liquid phase and proceeds rapidly at the rate of one mole of butene-1 formed per min. per mole of the catalyst. 

Epoxidation of olefins was catalyzed by the ruthenium(II) complex of the above perfluorinated y3-diketone in the presence of 2-methylpropanal (Scheme 50). Unfunctionalized olefins were epoxidized with a cobalt-containing porphyrin complex, and epoxidation of styrene derivatives was catalyzed by chiral salen manganese complexes (248) (Scheme 50). In the latter case, chemical yields were generally high, however, the products showed low enantiomeric excess with the exception of indene (92% ee). [Pd(C7Fi5COCHCOC7Fi5)2] efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of terminal olefins to methyl ketones with f-butylhydroperoxide as oxidant in a benzene-bromoperfluoro-octane solvent system (Scheme 50). In all these reactions, the product isolation and efficient catalyst recycle was achieved by a simple phase separation. 

Under moderate H2 pressure (450 psi) in a biphasic water/octane solvent mixture, conversions ranging from 39.1% (3 h, 130 °C) to 99.7% (21 h, 130 °C), were obtained. Catalyst recycling under these conditions was found to be limited to the third cycle. The mechanism of formation of catalytically active Ru hydrido-complexes was investigated by HPNMR spectroscopy. Complex 24 was observed to react at 50 °C with H2 (450 psi) in H20/THF-dg to form the mono-hydrido complex [CpRuH(PTA)2](26), stable upon heating to 80 °C. In contrast. 

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