O-Nitrochlorobenzene

Monochlorobenzene. The largest use of monochlorobenzene in the United States is in the production of nitrochlorobenzenes, both ortho and para, which are separated and used as intermediates for mbber chemicals, antioxidants (qv), dye and pigment intermediates, agriculture products, and pharmaceuticals (Table 5). Since the mid-1980s, there have been substantial exports of both o-nitrochlorobenzene, estimated at 7.7 million kg to Europe and -nitrochlorobenzene, estimated at 9.5 million kg to the Far East. Solvent use of monochlorobenzene accounted for about 28% of the U.S. consumption. This appHcation involves solvents for herbicide production and the solvent for diphenylmethane diisocyanate manufacture and other chemical intermediates. 

From 13.1 g of N-preduction with Raney-nickel and hydrogen, in which reaction the substance may be suspended in methanol or dissolved in methanol-ethyl acetate at normal pressure and at about 40°C with combination of the theoretical quantity of hydrogen, 12.2 g are obtained of o-emino-N-pfrom aqueous methanol hasaMPof90°C. 

Dinitrodiphenyl 4 4 -Dinitrodiphenyl 1 3 6-Trinitrobenzene 2 4 6-Trinitrotoluene o-Nitrochlorobenzene m-Nitroohlorobeiizeiie p-Nitroohlorobenzene o-Nitrobroinoboiizene m-Nitrobromobenzeno p- N itrobromobenzene o-Nitroiodobenzene. m-Nitroiodobenzene. p-Nitroiodobenzene. ... 

U.S. EPA. A literature survey oriented towards adverse environmental effects resnltant from the nse of azo componnds, brominated hydrocarbons, EDTA, formaldehyde resins, and o-nitrochlorobenzene. Office of Toxic Snbstances, Report 560/2-76-005, 1976, 480 p. 

Dichlorobenzidine is commercially produced by reduction of o-nitrochlorobenzene through various reduction procedures to form a hydrazo compoimd, whieh is rearranged in the presenee of mineral acids to form 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine (DCMA 1989 Sax 1987). Commercial supplies are usually provided in the form of the dihydrochloride salt because of its greater stability. 

Toxicology. o-Nitrochlorobenzene (ONCB) absorption causes anoxia owing to formation of methemoglobin. 

Nair RS, Johannsen FR, Levinskas GJ, et al Assessment of toxicity of o-nitrochlorobenzene in rats following a 4 week inhalation exposure. Fundam Appl Toxicol 7 609-614, 1986... 

This process is used in the sulphonation of y-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrotoluene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, chlorobenzenes, etc. 

Nitrobenzophenone, 32, 12 o-Nitrobenzoyl chloride, 30, 70 o-Nitrochlorobenzene, 32, 24 9-Nitro-10-chloro-9,10-dihydroanthra-... 

The starting substances for the synthesis of the required diphenyl ethers are suitably substituted o-nitrochlorobenzenes, which react with phenols containing in the ortho position a methoxy, nitro, or halogen group. 

The condensation of o-nitrochlorobenzenes with o-methoxyphenol enables the preparation of phenoxazines substituted in position 2,28,29 which is an important position in connection with biological properties (see Section V,B). 

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