Nucleic acid, hydrolysis

Most reactions of nucleic acid hydrolysis break bonds in the polynucleotide backbone. Such reactions are important because they can be used to manipulate these polymeric molecules. For example, hydrolysis of polynucleotides generates smaller fragments whose nucleotide sequence can be more easily determined. 

Figure 10.13 Phosphoryl-transfer reactions. The figure shows (a) nucleotide polymerization, (b) nucleic acid hydrolysis, (c) first cleavage of an exon-intron junction by group I ribozyme (d) and by a group II ribozyme, (e) strand transfer during transposition and (f) exon ligation during RNA splicing. (From Yang et al., 2006. Copyright 2006, with permission from Elsevier.)...

RNA hydrolysis, 45 285-287, 297-299 metalloenzymes, 45 251-252 bleomycin, 45 252-260, 299 nucleic acid hydrolysis metal ions and, 45 283-285 by oligonucleotide modified with metal complexes, 45 297-299 of phosphodiesters, 45 251, 287-297 by ribozymes, 45 285-287 cleavage by iron bleomycin, 43 140 polymerase, arsonomethyl phosphonate analogue, 44 201-202 substructures, 43 133-134 transfer... 

Water is not just the solvent in which the chemical reactions of living cells occur it is very often a direct participant in those reactions. The formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate is an example of a condensation reaction in which the elements of water are eliminated (Fig. 2-22a). The reverse of this reaction— cleavage accompanied by the addition of the elements of water—is a hydrolysis reaction. Hydrolysis reactions are also responsible for the enzymatic depolymerization of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Hydrolysis reactions, catalyzed by enzymes called... 

Yeast extracts are concentrates of soluble material derived from yeast following hydrolysis of the cell material, particularly the proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. Hydrolysis is carried out by use of the yeast s own hydrolytic enzymes (autolysis) or by other methods (hydrolysis or plasmolysis). Yeast extracts are commercially available as powders and pastes. 

Chromium, Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Platinum, and Uranium Complexes Metalloporphsrrin Complexes Metal Ions and Nucleic Acid Hydrolysis... 

A. Role of Metal Ions in Enz3rme-Catalyzed Nucleic Acid Hydrolysis... 

In the following discussions, recent examples of metal-promoted phosphate hydrolysis will be described, whereby one or two metals have been shown to play a key role, and metal ion participation in the hydrolysis process will be assessed. Metal-promoted hydrolysis seems to be a more suitable term than metal-catalyzed hydrolysis, because up to now one cannot find any case of an efficient metal-catalyzed nucleic acid hydrolysis in the literature. In order to hydrolyze a phosphate ester with water, with a half-life of 1 hr, the... 

Therefore it may be assumed, that the limiting factor in the absorption of dietary purines from their major source, i.e. the nucleic acids in foods is the rate of hydrolysis, since the products of this nucleic acid hydrolysis, AMP and GMP, are absorbed to a very large degree. 

Pyrimidine nucleosides of cytosine, uracil, thymine, methyl cytosine are obtained as products of nucleic acid hydrolysis. Vicine, a D-glucoside of 2, 5-diamino-4, 6-dihydroxy pyrimidine occurs in plants. 

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