Nucleic acid sequencing phosphate

The polynucleotide chain has a directional sense with 5 and 3 ends. Either of these ends may contain a free hydroxyl group or a phosphorylated hydroxyl group. The structure shown in figure 25.3 contains a phosphate group on the 5 end but none on the 3 end. By convention, one writes a nucleic acid sequence from the 5 to the 3 end so that a comparable structure is written pTpApCpG. With no... 

In any nucleic acid, the sugar at one end has a free 5 -phosphate group, and the sugar at the other end has a free 3 -hydroxyl group. A nucleic acid sequence is read from the free 5 -phosphate to the free 3 -hydroxyl using only the letters of the bases. For example, the nucleotide sequence in the section of RNA shown in Figure 18.20 is —ACGU—. 

Seidel, C. Fritz, H. J. Griesinger, C. Gaiko, N. N. Berger, S. Fries, J. Method and apparatus for nucleic acid sequencing by phosphorolytic cleavage of nucleic acids, fluorescently-labeled phosphates, permeability-mediated spatial resolution of degradation products, and detection by fluorometry. PCX Int. Appl. WO 2003080861,2003 Chem. Abstr. 2003, 139, 287263. 

Cells require a constant supply of N/ X)PH for reductive reactions vital to biosynthetic purposes. Much of this requirement is met by a glucose-based metabolic sequence variously called the pentose phosphate pathway, the hexose monophosphate shunt, or the phosphogluconate pathway. In addition to providing N/VDPH for biosynthetic processes, this pathway produces ribos 5-phosphate, which is essential for nucleic acid synthesis. Several metabolites of the pentose phosphate pathway can also be shuttled into glycolysis. 

A nucleic acid polymer contains nucleotide chains in which the phosphate group of one nucleotide links to the sugar ring of a second. The resulting backbone is an alternating sequence of sugars and phosphates, as shown in... 

Three classes of nucleic acid triple helices have been described for oligonucleotides containing only natural units. They differ according to the base sequences and the relative orientation of the phosphate-deoxyribose backbone of the third strand. All the three classes involve Hoogsteen or reverse Hoogsteen-like hydrogen bonding interaction between the triple helix form-... 

The primary structure of nucleic acids refers to the sequence in which the four nitrogen bases (A, G, C and T in DNA and A, G, C and U) in RNA are attached to sugar phosphate backbone of the nucleotide chain. 

Nucleic Acid. A nucleic acid is a natural polynucleotide. It is a sugar-phosphate chain with purine and pyrimidine bases attached to it, as shown in Chart 10. If the sugar is deoxyribose and the pyrimidine bases are cytosine and thymine, the nucleic acid is deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA if the sugar is ribose, and the pyrimidine bases are (mostly) cytosine and uracil, the nucleic acid is ribonucleic acid, RNA. The sequence of bases may appear arbitrary and random, but it constitutes a meaningful code (see Code Word). In double-stranded nucleic acids,... 

In DNA the sugar molecule in the nucleotide is 2-deoxyribose, and in RNA it is ribose. The amine bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, symbolized by A, T, C, and G, respectively. RNA contains adenine, cytosine, and guanine, but thymine is replaced by the based uracil (Figure 16.16). The primary structure of nucleic acids is given by the sequence of the amine side chains starting from the phosphate end of the nucleotide. For example, a DNA sequence may be -T-A-A-G-C-T. 

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