Nuclear fuel reprocessing radionuclides

The disposition of the radioactive waste resulting from spent nuclear-fuel reprocessing is one of the major problems of nuclear technology. Many of these wastes are high-level (HLW) and present a potential environmental hazard. Because of the expense associated with long-term storage, it is desirable to minimize the volume of radioactive waste and store it as material with maximal chemical stability to avoid the dissipation of radionuclides in the environment. 

Kantelo, M.V., Tiffany, B., and Anderson, T.J. (1982). Iodine-129 distribution in the terrestrial environment surrounding a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant after 25 years of operation, page 495 in Environmental Migration of Long-Lived Radionuclides, IAEA Publication No. STI/PUB/ 597 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna). 

Linklater, C. M. 1991. Sorption of radionuclides on mineral surfaces. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference On Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Waste Management, Sendai, Japan. 988-993. 

Nuclear fission results in fission products including those volatile under the conditions of used nuclear fuel reprocessing and medical isotope production. The radionuclides that have been identified as important to capture from reprocessing off-gas streams are I, Xe, and... 

Similar demands for reference materials also arise in connection with the monitoring of radioactivity in and around nuclear installations (nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel and reprocessing plants, and nuclear waste facilities). These, in fact, are now the main applications of radionuclide reference materials. 

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