Nuclear explosion power engineering

On April 26, 1986, a low power engineering test was being conducted at one of the reactors of the Chernobyl nuclear power station in the Ukraine (then the USSR). The reactor became unstable, resulting in thermal explosions and fires that caused severe damage to the reactor and its building ( S. 10.2 and 20.1.2c). Radioactivity was released over the next ten days until the dres were extinguished and the reactor entombed in concrete. The radioactivity was released as gas and dust particles and initially blown by winds in a northerly direction. Outside Russia, the accident was first detected by increased... 

Among the neutron sources related to peaceful uses, the most important are nuclear reactors, which are intended for industrial power production or power supply of special engines from the heat released during a nuclear reaction. Nuclear reactors operate using a controllable neutron chain reaction the system does not reach the explosion state, and, therefore, the neutron flux through the reactor protective shell is relatively weak. 

This chapter considers the external impact of crashing aircraft, sabotage and the effect of explosive pressure wave. The external impact is considered with reference to engineering defence measures aircraft impact, otherwise, can be prevented, with variable degrees of effectiveness, by provisions such as by modifying flight corridors or by protecting the nuclear power plant with special forces, etc. 

The purpose of the matrix is to help you prioritize hazards for corrective aetion. The categorization of hazards is based on severity and likelihood. Some hazards may be very likely to occur but of very minor consequences. One example is the minute release of nitrogen gas from a flapper valve into a well-ventilated, open area. Even if release is frequent, the severity of the hazard is low because the quantities are so low. However, an explosion at a commercial nuclear power plant may be remote (but obviously not impossible, as demonstrated by Chernobyl, or the remote possibility of an earthquake creating a tsunami wave hits a nuclear power plant and causes a meltdown as demonstrated by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster), but the consequences are great. These two hazards must be treated differently. Engineers too often treat all hazards equally, either overreacting or underreacting to the risk. 

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