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Nozzle amplifer

The physical reason why a slow-moving liquid jet breaks up into drops at some distance below the nozzle lies in the interaction between small-amplitude disturbances on the jet and surface tension, with subsequent high-gain amplification of the capillary perturbation. The initial disturbances may be a result of random excitations, such as jet friction or nozzle roughness, or they may be impressed on the jet. [Pg.313]

During the 1920s, a pneumatic amplification mechanism, the flapper-nozzle amplifier, that greatly increased the sensitivity of the pneumatic system, was developed. The principle of the flapper-nozzle based controller is shown in figure 7, and figure 8 shows a Foxboro controller circa 1922. [Pg.220]

Another important effect on the breakup behavior is the gas motion relative to the liquid phase. Weber [2] already examined the influence of stagnant air on jet breakup and showed an amplification of the growth rates of disturbances with an increasing relative velocity, leading to a decreasing breakup length. At rotary atomizers there is not only a relative gas motion due to the liquid velocity at the nozzle but also because of the rotation of the atomizer. In this way, Dombrowski and Lloyd [14] as well as Koch [19] included the effect of air drag on the shape of a... [Pg.175]

In the temporal stability analysis, we examine wavelike disturbances with a constant wave number. Therefore, Kz is reduced to a constant real value for each disturbance, meaning that disturbances with constant wave numbers Kz i are analyzed. Q-y is calculated with Eq. (5.48) for different values of Kz i- By integrating the imaginary part of Q-y, from the moment when the fluid leaves the nozzle to the time when the jet completely constricts (T = Tbreak) the temporal amplification of a disturbance with the wave number Kzi is determined ... [Pg.189]

The spatial stability analysis is based on the consideration of wavelike disturbances with a constant angular frequency Similar to the temporal stability analysis, is reduced to a constant real value for each disturbance. The solution of Eq. (5.48) provides the local derivative of K Z) depending on the angular frequency of a disturbance. The spatial amplification of a disturbance with a certain value of Qy, along the jet results from the integration of Kz from the nozzle orifice to the breakup point (Z = L). [Pg.189]


See other pages where Nozzle amplifer is mentioned: [Pg.94]    [Pg.303]    [Pg.51]    [Pg.428]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.505]    [Pg.1908]    [Pg.3970]    [Pg.1156]   


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