Normocytic anaemia

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is found in liver, milk, meat, green vegetables, cereals and mushrooms. It is active in the form of two coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. As a coenzyme for proton transfer in the respiratory chain it is indispensable for energy-release from carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Riboflavin deficiency only occurs in combination with deficiencies of other members of the vitamin B family. The symptoms of such deficiency consist of angular stomatitis, lesions of the cornea, dermatoses and normochromic normocytic anaemia. 

Haem synthesis defect, for example iron-deficiency anaemia and anaemia of chronic disease (more commonly presenting as normocytic anaemia). 

Normocytic anaemia occurs when the overall haemoglobin levels are decreased, although red blood cell volume remains normal. Causes include ... 

The diagnosis is most often provided by demonstration of specific organisms in stool samples by Gram stain, and culture. Bloody diarrhoea may result in normocytic anaemia and, in the case of bacteraemia, an elevated white cell count. 

Normocytic, normochromic anaemia (normal size, normal haemoglobin content) can be caused by damage to the bone marrow or by blood loss. Macrocytic (or megaloblastic), normochromic anaemia (large cells, normal amount of haemoglobin) is due to deficiency of folic acid or B12, or both. Microcytic, hypochromic anaemia (small cells, small amount of haemoglobin) is the most common type and is due to iron deficiency. 

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