Normalized scattering intensity

Fig. 7. Normalized scattering intensities I (q)/I (0) of a dendrimer of fifth generation G5 [23] in a Kratky-plot vs q o.- The triangles mark the data measured at highest contrast (in fully deuterated DMA) normalized to unity at q = 0. The squares give the term I q) of...

Fig. 4.7. Normalized scattered intensity vs. angle from surface normal for an azimuthal angle of 0 = 24° with a fixed angle of incidence of 45° on a stepped Pt(553) surface...

Figure 4. Polymerization of GA induced by amine observed by light scattering. The normalized scattering intensity at a right angle, which is virtually equivalent to the average polymerization degree of GA under the conditions used here, is plotted against the time after the addition of amine to GA solution.

Such a plot has a slope of With determined by this Guinier analysis. Equation 14.47b implies that at large q, ideally s 5, the normalized scattered intensity will obey... 

As discussed there, the normalized scattering intensity is expected to become independent of concentration above a certain q-value related to the diameter of the particles. This can be shown easily by measuring the SAXS-intensities at different volume fractions. Figure 15 displays the normalized scattering intensities of a PS latex (diameter 80 nm) measured at three different volume fractions [46]. 

Fig. 13.32 The distribution of normalized scattering intensity from (002) planes in Nylon-6, showing tightly bunched crystalline orientations in film of thickness 0.10 pm. In films with thicknesses exceeding 0.2 pm, the preferred crystalline orientation becomes increasingly more diffuse over the thickness (from Muratoglu et al. (1995b) courtesy of Elsevier).

Figure 9 Normalized scattering intensity l(q) vs. qRgt for different architectures. Reprinted with permission from Borsali, R. Lecommandoux, S. Pecora, R. Benoit, H. Macromolecules 200, 34,4229-4234. Copyright 2001 from American Chemical Society.

As is already evident from the historical sketch, scattering experiments yield the most direct information on the structure of polyelectrolyte solutions. The scattered intensity 3(q) related to the normalized scattering intensity I(q) by the number of particles N in the scattering volume and by the squared contrast factor b... 

The normalized scattering intensity is a complex function of both the intermolecular structure factor S(q), which describes the distribution on the polyelectrolyte molecules in solution, and the intramolecular particle scattering factor P(q) which is the Fourier transform of the segment distribution (probability density) within one macromolecule. Only for rigid spheres the simple relation... 

Figm 8 Experimental results of static light scattering for dilute and concentrated turbid suspensions of spherical particles (polystyrene latex with average radius 274 nm). (a) Normalized scattering intensity measured by an ordinary LLS instrument for a dilute solution (hollow circles)... 

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