Norfloxacin adverse effects

The newer fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, enoxadn, pefloxacin, gatifloxadn and moxi-floxacin) have similar toxicities and incidence of adverse effects. In general, compared to other antibiotics, these are relatively safe agents [190]. Gastrointestinal side-effects are the most common (0.8 to 6.8% of patients), followed by central nervous system manifestations (0.9 to 1.8%), and skin reactions (0.6 to 2.4%). Rare cases of increased serum creatinine levels have been reported [203]. Indeed, in a study of 133 febrile episodes in neutropenic patients comparing the effectiveness and safety of high-dose oral ciprofloxacin versus azlociUin and netilmicin, there were no renal ad-... 

The data on the adverse reactions of the fluoroquinolones which have received the most extensive clinical evaluation (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, norfloxacin and enoxacin), involving about 30,000 patients, have been the subject of a review [54a], An important point noted in this review involves the difficulty in detecting an important severe adverse reaction if it is of relatively low frequency, until there has been a very large patient exposure (some examples are provided in which at least 150,000-300,000 exposures would be required to observe the importance of side-effects, resulting in an alert, which have been discovered with specific drugs). However, the majority of side-effects observed thus far with the fluoroquinolones have been minor,... 

Clark, R.L., Robertson, R.T., Minsker, D.H., Cohen, S.M., Tocco, D.J., Allen, H.L., James, M.L. and Bokelman, D.L. (1984). Association between adverse maternal and embryo-fetal effects in norfloxacin-treated and food-deprived rabbits. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 7 272-286. 

Clark RL, Robertson RT, Peter CP et al (1986) Association between adverse maternal and embryo-fetal effects in norfloxacin-treated and food-deprived rabbits. Fundam Appl Toxicol 7 272-286... 

At the start of and during the search for a third-generation quinolone, most of the commercially available quinolones contained an optionally substituted piperazinyl radical in the 7-position (Fig. 14.5). Of these compounds, only norfloxacin, pefloxa-cin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, danofloxacin and gatifloxacin still play a role today. The 6,8-difluoroquinolones fleroxacin, spar-floxacin and lomefloxacin, as well as grepafloxacin and temafloxacin, were of little importance or withdrawn from the market due to their adverse side effects [68,69]. 

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