Nonionic Surfmers

However one constraint of alkoxylated Surfmers is their cloud point versus the polymerization temperature. If the former is lower than the latter, salting-out of the Surfmer occurs, with loss of surface activity and reactivity. The cloud point of nonionic alkoxylates can be adjusted to a certain extent by the choice of the alkoxylation initiator, the relative percentage of hydrophilic and hydrophobic alkoxylation moieties and their order of addition. Also, introducing some ionic character in the molecule (e.g. by weak polar groups that do not substantially affect the nonionic behavior of the molecule) may prove useful. Nevertheless there have been and there can be instances where nonionic Surfmers cannot be used. 

This second set of nonionic surfmers was engaged in core-shell emulsion copolymerization of 1 1 tyrene-butyl acrylate, in comparison with a commercial nonionic surfactant NP30 [85]. High conversions were obtained in all cases, with limited amounts of floe at solid contents of 35%. To reach the targeted size of 240 nm, the amount of surfactant must be adjusted. Too much surfactant causes nucleation of new particles without decreasing the amount of floe, whereas in the reverse case limited flocculation is observed (slightly larger particles) and more floe is produced. 

Yes, M/S = 1 2 (onlyCTAB) 50-80 15 1 CTAB/PEO-R-MA40 Mbcture cationic/nonionic surfmer Continuous addition (4h) of monomer and surfmer 10 135... 

Finally one has to be careful about all the side effects, such as the production of water soluble polymers, the sensitivity of the surfactants to transfer reactions in addition to their main character (the case of allylic surfmers for instance), or the effect of the nonionic surfactants on the Tg of the polymers, which may make coalescence of the particles easier. 

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