Nonequilibrium thermodynamics, chemical dissipative structures

We review in Section II the basic results of nonequilibrium thermodynamic stability theory and recall the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions necessary to the occurrence of cooperative coherent behaviors in chemical systems. We briefly indicate some known experimental systems that meet these requirements and in which dissipative structures... 

Some processes may have forces operating far away from equilibrium where the linear phenomenological equations are no longer applicable. Such a domain of irreversible phenomena, such as some chemical reactions, periodic oscillations, and bifurcation, is examined by extended nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Extending the methods of thermodynamics to treat the linear and nonlinear phenomena, and such dissipative structures are attracting scientists from various disciplines. 

While Belousov was describing his e)q)eriments into oscillatory chemical reactions, Ilya Prigogine in Brussels was developing theoretical models of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and ended with the notion of "structure dissipative" for which he was awarded the 1977 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The concept of "Dissipative Structure" is ejq)licitly mentioned in the Nobel quotation "The 1977 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Professor Ilya Prigogine, Brussels, for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures". In the first half of the 1950s, Glansdorff and Balescu defined with Prigogine the thermodynamic criteria necessary for oscillatory behavior in dissipative systems [7]. Nicohs and Lefever then applied these to models of autocatalytic reactions [8]. 

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