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Nonconductive samples analysis

Direct bulk trace analysis of both conducting and nonconducting sample materials (more problematic)... [Pg.618]

Analysis of Nonconductive Sample Types by Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry... [Pg.261]

This chapter deals exclusively with the methods that have been developed for the direct solids analysis of nonconductive samples by glow discharge mass spectrometry. The basic approaches to operation and sample preparation for the three primary methodologies of compaction, secondary cathode, and radio frequency powering are described. Examples of source performance and practical applications of each are taken from the analytical literature. Whereas this chapter de-... [Pg.262]

Figure 3 Schematic representation (not to scale) of the source assembly used in the secondary cathode approach to glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS) analysis of nonconductive samples. (From Ref. 21.)... Figure 3 Schematic representation (not to scale) of the source assembly used in the secondary cathode approach to glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS) analysis of nonconductive samples. (From Ref. 21.)...
Schelles W., De Gendt S., Muller V. and Van Grieken R. (1995) Evaluation of secondary cathodes for glow discharge mass spectrometry analysis of different nonconducting sample types, Appl Spectrosc 49 939— 944. [Pg.345]

Qualitative analysis by laser microprobe is popular for identifying small inclusions or areas in conducting and nonconducting samples. The laser can be focused to sample areas of 10 to 50 p,m in diameter. [Pg.314]

Conductive non-volatile samples can be observed directly while nonconductive samples are either carbon or gold/ palladimn coated, to avoid sample charging, prior to analysis in the SEM or EPA. Sample preparation techniques commonly used, if needed, include ... [Pg.895]

Whilst electron microscopy is still widely used today for the routine analysis of biomolecular samples, it has limitations. First, nonconducting samples must be made conductive, usually achieved by applying a thin layer of gold to the surface. Second,... [Pg.29]

The advantages of LMMS when compared with S-SIMS are the easy analysis of nonconducting samples, the increased diagnostic information due to the softer energy regime, and the capability of probing the molecular composition in the near-subsurface, i.e., under the upper monolayer, which often consists of accidental contaminants. As a result, LMMS is often applied to industrial processing faults. [Pg.257]

Samples must be solid and may be in almost any form. Thin films, bulk solids, particles, powders, machined pieces, and small objects (including biological specimens) can be analyzed. AU elements from beryllium (Z = 4) to uranium can be determined at concentrations of about 100 ppm or greater. For qualitative analysis, the surface finish of the sample is not important. For quantitative analysis, the surface of the specimen must be flat. A common method for achieving a flat surface for an SEM sample is to embed the sample in epoxy and then carefully polish the hardened epoxy to expose a flat surface of the sample. Calibration standards should have flat surfaces as well, and the composition of the standards should be similar to that of the samples. Alternatively, an FP approach using pure element standards can be used. For nonconductive samples, a thin coating of osmium is deposited on the surface of the sample. [Pg.685]


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Nonconductive

Nonconductive samples

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