Nonbarbiturate sedatives

Examples nonbarbiturate sedatives, nonamphetamine stimulants, limited amounts of certain narcotics... 

Miscellaneous or nonbarbiturate sedatives and hypnotics have essentially the same mode of action as the barbiturates, that is, they depress the CNS. However,... 

Nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics Chloral hydrate Noctec 250 Exact dose unknown 12 g/day chronically has led to 6-12 2-3... 

In the table below, some pharmacokinetic properties of the nonbarbiturate sedative/hypnotics are compared. Do not use this table to predict exact duration of effect, but use as a guide in drug selection. ... 

Schedule III c-iii) - Less abuse potential than schedule II drugs and moderate dependence liability (eg, nonbarbiturate sedatives, nonamphetamine stimulants, limited amounts of certain narcotics). 

The CNS depressants include barbiturates, nonbarbiturate sedatives, and the benzodiazepines. As the medical use of barbiturates decreased, primarily because of their high addiction liability and the danger of acute lethality, the use of the benzodiazepine anxiolytics increased. The most commonly abused barbiturates are secobarbital, pentobarbital, and amobarbital. Pheno-barbital is not generally abused, because of its slow onset of action. The most commonly abused anxiolytics include diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, midazolam, lo-razepam, and flurazepam. These drugs are readily attainable from illicit sources. 

Abused nonbarbiturate sedatives include glutethi-mide and meprobamate. 

STREET NAMES Minor tranquilizers (benzodiazepines BZDs, tranks, downers, benzos, goofballs, happy pills, sedative-hypnotics, anxiolytics) (barbiturates Amys, barbs, blues, downers, yellow jackets, rainbows, red devils) (nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics ludes, Sopors)... 

Nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics. Nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics are drugs with chemical or physiological properties similar to barbiturates and are considered barbiturate-like substances. These drugs include ... 

Nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics have a similar mechanism of action as barbiturates and have high potential for tolerance, abuse, dependence, overdose, and withdrawal reactions. Chloral hydrate is still commonly used today due to its efficacy as a short-term sedative hypnotic and low cost. Chloral hydrate should not be used in patients with severe renal, hepatic, or cardiac disease. 

The problems of abuse with methaqualone and other nonbarbiturate sedatives far outweigh their medical benefits, and currently these drugs are rarely used for the management of sleep problems or anxiety. In fact, methaqualone has become a Schedule 1 drug and is no longer produced for medical use. A major reason these drugs and the barbiturates have lost favor is the widespread acceptance of the benzodiazepines as the treatment of choice in these disorders. 

Depressant drugs share many traits. Alcohol, barbiturates, nonbarbiturate sedatives, and of course benzodiazepines all have similar effects w hcn equated for dose. In addition, cross-tolerance (xxurs between these drugs and they potentiate one another. Crossdependence also occurs because an appropriate dose of any dcpres.sant can be used to reduce the withdraw al symptoms produced by any other. In fact, benzodiazepines are commonly used to witlidraw alcoholics from alcohol. Thus, substantial evidence indicates a common mechanism of action for depressant drugs (Julicn, 2001). 

Bertino JS Jr. and Reed MD (1986) Barbiturate and nonbarbiturate sedative hypnotic intoxication in children. Pediatric Clinics of North America 33(3) 703-722. 

Reidt WU (1956) Fatal poisoning with methyprylon (No-ludar), a nonbarbiturate sedative. New England Journal of Medicine 255 231-232. 

Because all benzodiazepines have abuse and dependence liability, patients cannot be switched from one benzodiazepine to another in hopes of decreasing a pattern of drug abuse or dependence behavior. Zolpidem, a nonbenzodiazepine nonbarbiturate sedative, has been suggested to have little liability for physical dependence, but tolerance and withdrawal have been reported in association with its use as well."... 

Since the synthesis of diethyl barbiturate, literally hundreds of barbiturates, and more recently nonbarbiturate sedatives, have been prepared. Most have been abandoned as not of sufficient merit to use clinically. About a dozen barbiturates are still used and half as many nonbarbiturate sedatives are described in the New and Non-Official Drugs or the United States Pharmacopeia (Figure 2). Most of these are used to some extent clinically. There is very little merit in retaining for use any more than these, since they represent the best agents for use in medicine. 

Eszopiclone is a nonbarbiturate sedative and hypnotic that binds to GABA-receptor complexes located close to or allosterically coupled to benzodiazepine receptors. It is indicated in the treatment of insomnia. 

In some respects, whether simple possession or use of ti should be an offense is a more difficult question to answer than similar question posed with respect to the commonly used met(iti depressant and stimulant drugs. The possible effects of use may deemed by some more undesirable than the effects of addiction barbiturates or nonbarbiturate sedatives or habituation amphetamines. Upon this question the author does not pass judgm Unlike the medically depressant and stimulant drugs, which havii date been controlled, LSD does not have widespread legitimate uiij... 

Only recently the Secretary has designated a number of Wfill known tranquilizers and nonbarbiturate sedatives as well as number of hallucinogens including peyote and mescaline (active... 

A ureide derivative, capuride (XV, McN-X-94) is a new addition to the nonbarbiturate sedatives. It is especially useful in aiding sleep in preoperative patients . ... 

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