Nonaqueous liquids, uptake

Environmental chemicals occur as pure liquid or solid compounds, dissolved in water or in nonaqueous liquids, volatilised in gases, dissolved in solids (absorbed) or bound to interfaces (adsorbed). Figure 5 gives a schematic view of the different physical states at which substrates are taken up by microbial cells. There is a consensus that water-dissolved chemicals are available to microbes. This is obvious for readily soluble chemicals, but there is also clear evidence for microbial uptake of the small dissolved fractions of poorly water soluble compounds. Rogoff already had shown in 1962 that bacteria take up phenanthrene from aqueous solution [55], In the intervening time many other researchers have made the same observation with various combinations of microorganisms and poorly soluble compounds [14,56,57]. 

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