Nonaqueous coatings, chemistry

During the past several years, we have researched new diagnostic polymers and novel dry chemistries therefrom. These include water-borne tough coating films, nonaqueous coatings and molded plastic systems. These chemistries are described below. 

This section provides a survey of the electrolytic deposition of aluminum out of organoaluminum electrolytes, from its discovery to its technical applications. First, the deposition of metals from nonaqueous organic electrolytes is generally discussed, and the corresponding problems and possibilities are pointed out. In detail, concrete examples of electrolytic aluminum deposition from organoaluminum electrolytes and their fundamental complex chemistry and electrochemistry are treated. In a further section, the properties of such deposited aluminum are described, and finally an overall view is given of the development in instrumentation from the first laboratory cell to a coating plant unit with a capacity of 90 mVh. 

Other reference electrodes have been proposed for use in the nonaqueous solvents that are widely used in coordination chemistry. Their main advantage is that they allow one to work with a single solvent. Among these electrodes, the Ag+/Ag electrode is reversible in many solvents.4 Ag+ ions are introduced as salts, such as AgCl or AgBF4. However, the inner solution has to be refreshed due to the reactivity of Ag+. Another class consists of redox electrodes in which the two components are in solution, such as ferrocenium ion/ferrocene Fc+/Fc.5 Since the potential is dependent on the concentration ratio of the redox couple, this ratio must be kept constant. An attractive solution to prevent the use of a junction lies in the preparation of a functionalized-polymer coated electrode such as poly(vinylferrocene).6 The polymer is deposited by electrooxidation in its oxidized form, polyFc+, and then partially reduced to yield poly Fc+/Fc. Their use is limited by their relative stability in the different solvents. 

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