Non-passive electrodes

There are a great many names given to these types of electrode. Some texts call them non-passive electrodes and others melal indicator electrodes. 

The position of the electrodes in the reactor can be optimized as a function of hydrodynamic parameters and current density (j). Complementary rules should include the influences of electrode gap (e) and operating conditions on voltage U (and consequently on energy consumption). The measured potential is the sum of three contributions, namely the kinetic overpotential, the mass transfer overpotential and the overpotential caused by solution ohmic resistance. Kinetic and mass transfer overpotentials increase with current density, but mass transfer is mainly related to mixing conditions if mixing is rapid enough, mass transfer overpotential should be negligible. In this case, the model described by Chen et al., (2004) is often recommended for non-passivated electrodes ... 

FIG U RE 6.4 Chromatograms of mixture of diazepam and triazolam recorded with ion trap mass spectrometer using internal ionization at 220°C. The top chromatogram was recorded with passivated electrodes and the bottom recorded with non-passivated electrodes. 

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