Non-collagenous

Bone protein was extracted following the method described by Sealy (1986). Bone chips were demineralized in a weak HCl solution, then soaked in 0.1 M NaOH to remove base-soluble humic substances. Remaining material, which is mainly collagen, but includes non-collagenous proteins, was... 

NAP-I, NAP-2 Neutrophilactivating peptides -1 and -2 NBT Nitro-blue tetrazolium NCI Non-collagen 1 N-CAM Neural cell adhesion molecule... 

As markers of osteogenie differentiation, high activity of alkaline phosphatase, production of collagen 1 and non-collagenous calcium-binding ECM glycoproteins osteocalcin and osteopontin are currently evaluated [14-17,24-27,37,47],... 

The major non-collagenous components of the dentin matrix are highly-phosphorylated proteins, phosphoryns, with many phosphoserine and aspartate residues (Butler et al., 1992). Dentin contains fewer proteoglycans than predentin. The proteoglycans from predentin are degraded upon mineralization, while small proteoglycans and phosphoryns are excreted by odontoblasts and incorporated into dentin (Goldberg et al., 1987 Linde, 1989). 

Carmichael DJ, Dodd CM and Veis A (1977) The solubilization of bone and dentine collagens by pepsin. Effect of cross-linkages and non-collagen components. Biochim Biophys Acta 491, 177-192. 

Preliminary experiments indicate that several non-collagenous proteins, even with Ca-binding properties, exist in bovine bone217. ... 

In the tanning process hides are first washed or soaked, hair and keratinous debris are removed, bated (enzymes are used to break down non-collagenous components, which are washed out) and the hide is acid-pickled to prepare for the addition of the chromium salt. Contemporary processes are exclusively based on one-bath procedures and utilize chromium(III). The older two-bath process is now obsolete, mainly because it involved the in situ reduction of chromate, a major environmental and toxicological hazard (cf. chromate toxicity p. 947) to chromium(III) on the hide. A useful review of the history of chromium tannage processes is available.1205... 

Siebold, B., Deutzmann, R., and Khun, K. (1988). The arrangement of inter- and intramolecular disulphide bonds in the carboxyterminal, non-collagenous aggregations and cross-linking domain of basement membrane Type IV collagen. Eur. J. Biochem. 176, 617-624. 

Than, M. E., Henrich, S., Huber, R., Ries, A., Mann, K., Kuhn, K., Timpl, R., Bourenkov, G. P., Bartunik, H. D., and Bode, W. (2002). The 1.9-A crystal structure of the non-collagenous (NCI) domain of human placenta collagen IV shows stabilization via a novel type of covalent Met-Lys cross-link. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 6607-6612. 

The presence of organic impurities in fossil as well as in the HCl-soluble fraction of modem bone collagen indicates that part of these non-collagen organics may be a component of bone, possibly carbohydrates. It is possible that upon fossilization under certain environmental conditions of burial, the relative amount of these materials increases independently of age. This may result from bacterial reworking of the bone organic matter. 

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