Nomenclature of alkyl halides

Chloromethane and its electrostatic potential map (EPM). The polar C—Cl bond is seen in the EPM as an electron-rich (red) region around chlorine and an electron-pOOr (blue) region around carbon and the hydrogen atoms. 

Classify each compound as an alkyl halide, a vinyl halide, or an aryl halide. 

There are two ways of naming alkyl halides. The systematic (lUPAC) nomenclature treats an alkyl halide as an alkane with a halo- substituent Fluorine is jluoro-, chlorine is chloro-, bromine is bromo-, and iodine is iodo-. The result is a systematic haloalkane name, as in 1-chlorobutane or 2-bromopropane. Common or trivial names are constructed by naming the alkyl group and then the halide, as in isopropyl bromide. This is the origin of the term alkyl halide. Common names are useful only for simple alkyl halides, such as the following  

Chapter 6 Alkyl Halides Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination 

Some of the halomethanes have acquired common names that are not clearly related to their structures. A compound of formula CH2X2 (a methylene group with two halogens) is called a methylene halide a compound of formula CHX3 is called a haloform and a compound of formula CX4 is called a carbon tetrahalide. 

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Substitutive nomenclature of alkyl halides treats the halogen as a halo—(fluoro chloro bromo or lodo ) substituent on an alkane chain The carbon chain is numbered m the direction that gives the substituted carbon the lower number... 

This chapter focuses on the substitution reactions of alkyl halides—compounds in which the leaving group is a halide ion (F , CF, Br , or F). The nomenclature of alkyl halides was discussed in Section 2.4. 

TTie nomenclature of alkyl halides was discussed in Section 2.4. 

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