Nomenclature atomic spectroscopy

Uee am, Butlee LRP, Scott RO and Jenkins R (1988) Preparation of materials for analytical atomic spectroscopy and other related techniques (recommendations 1988) (Nomenclature, Symbols, Units and their Usage in Spectrochemical Analysis - X). Pure Appl Chem 60 1461-1472 (1988) also Spectrochim Acta Part B 52 409 -420 (1997). 

Sub-Shell A division of an electron shell. The electron shell of principal quantum number n can be divided into n sub-shells. The first has two electrons eind subsequent ones can contain four more than the preceding one (6,10,14,18, etc.). The sub-shells are symbolized as s, p, d, f, g, h and i (these letters being derived from atomic spectroscopy nomenclature). The first electron shell has only the Is sub-shell, the second contains a 2s subshell 2uid a 2p subshell, etc. 

As at several other points in the ligand field theory, synonymous nomenclatures have been developed, and we also indicate Mulliken s proposal, more directly connected with e, in Eq. (8). In octahedral symmetry 0, the values of r are connected with even or odd parity, often denoted by g (for gerade) and u (for ungerade). This is also the case with atomic spectroscopy, where the values of L and J may be connected with either even or odd parity, while the parity of the orbitals I is even for I even and odd for I odd. 

One other very important attribute of photoemitted electrons is the dependence of their kinetic energy on chemical environment of the atom from which they originate. This feature of the photoemission process is called the chemical shift of and is the basis for chemical information about the sample. In fact, this feature of the xps experiment, first observed by Siegbahn in 1958 for a copper oxide ovedayer on a copper surface, led to his original nomenclature for this technique of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis or esca. 

As early as 1902 Gomberg suggested that the word carbonium was inappropriate for such species because onium signifies a covalency greater than that of the neutral atom. But the nomenclature went on till about 1964 when George Olah and his coworkers found evidence by mass spectroscopy... 

All electrons in atoms can be described by means of these four quantum numbers and, as first enunciated in 1926 by Pauli in his Exclusion Principle, each electron in an atom must have a unique set of the four quantum numbers. A summary of the electron shells and of the corresponding maximum numbers of orbitals, and electrons, is shown in Table 4.2 where each shell is defined by the value of the principal quantum number (K = 1, L = 2, etc. according to X-ray spectroscopy nomenclature). 

Commission on spectrochemical and other optical procedures for analysis, nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis. I. General atomic emission spectroscopy. II. Data interpretation. III. Analytical flame spectroscopy and associated procedures, Spectrochim. Acta, 33B, 219, 1978. 

Nomenclature, Symbols, Units and Their Usage in Spectrochemical Analysis—I General Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Pure Appl. Chem., 30,653-679 (1972). 

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