Nobel Prize for Literature

The concrete biochemistry of cortical enhancer regulation, the puzzle of the amalgamation of order and chaos in the human brain is still unsolved. As usual, attractive descriptions remedy such deficiencies. Freud s work was the hitherto most influential description of the coexistence of rational and irrational, conscious and unconscious, in the human brain. It is no accident that his fascinating writings, enjoyable readings closer to fiction than science, have always deeply influenced many artists. Freud also provided a delightful interpretation of dreams at the boundary between art and science. It was probably the pseudo-scientific nature of his brilliant books that precluded him from receiving the well-deserved Nobel Prize for literature. 

So what actually happened to Toni Morrison in 1993 She won the Nobel Prize for Literature. And sure enough, with Saturn in her Sun sign, she had indeed reaped what she had sown. 

William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) was an Irish poet who received the Nobel prize for literature in 1923. 

Apparently, Nobel was so worried that this would be his legacy to the world that he decided to do something positive to improve his reputation. He used the vast wealth he d accumulated from his dynamite business to set up the Nobel Foundation to give annual prizes for science, notably Chemistry, Medicine and Physics. Later, Nobel Prizes for Literature, Economics and Peace were added to the list. 

Germany increasing economic and political divergence of Western (US/British/French) and Eastern (Soviet) zones of occupation. Hermann Hesse awarded Nobel Prize for Literature. 

Gunter Grass awarded Nobel Prize for Literature. 

Electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted desorption ionization were both introduced around the same time, in the late 1980s. In fact matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) was first mentioned in the literature in 1987 (Karas et al., 1987). In the years prior to that, there were limited reports of the application of laser desorption MS. Early developments in MALDI focused primarily on macromolecules, particularly peptides and proteins. Historically, MALDI ion sources have predominantly been coupled to time-of-flight (TOF) instruments. TOF requires precise timed ionization events, and since ions are generated in MALDI by a pulsed desorption, this combination is complementary. Mass spectra generated by MALDI can be relatively simple, containing predominantly singly charged ions. The importance of both ESI and MALDI are well proven in the analysis of biomolecules, and both techniques were awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2002 (Chapter 1). 

Still, reading, I read a lot of scientific literature, then, in my free time, right now I m reading a big book on Roman history, in German. Theodor Mommsen wrote this book in the mid-19th century and he got the Nobel Prize in Literature for it in 1902. His use of German is fantastic. If Thomas Mann had written history books, he might have written in this style. 

There have been some remarkable achievements in catalyst development recognised by numerous Nobel prizes for work done in this area (Box 3) and catalysis has progressed to the stage where it is now difficult to imagine a reaction that cannot be achieved catalytically. However, examination of the catalytic literature shows that the majority of catalysts developed, and many that are in commercial use rely upon the use of metals or other elements whose abundance in the Earth s crust is veiy limited and that are being rapidly consumed. This is illustrated in Figure 1 for papers on asymmetric catalysis published between 1999 and 2005. ... 

In awarding the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature to Pamuk, the Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy praised Istanbul for rendering the city as an indispensable literary territory, equal to Dostoevsky s St. Petersburg, Joyce s Dublin or Proust s Paris. 35 Arguably, however, Istanbul is an important work of contemporary Turkish modernism not in its reproduction of a kind of Turkish Ulysses, so much as in the profonnd metacommentary that it affords on the way such modernist mimicry is produced within the uneven transnational histories of Occidentalism itself. 

Horace Engdahl, Presentation Speech for the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobel Prize Award Ceremony, Stockholm, Sweden, December 10, 2006). 

Nobel left his fortune for the establishment of five prizes to be awarded annually for achievements in chemistry, physics, physiology or medicine, literature of an idealistic tendency, and the promotion of world peace. The first awards were made in 1901. The Nobel Prize for Economics was founded in 1968 by the National Bank of Sweden and the first award was made in 1969. The Nobel Prizes have become the most highly regarded of all international awards. A Prize cannot be shared by more than three people, and cannot be awarded posthumously. A list of the winners of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry is given below. On occasions the work that has resulted in awards in physics and physiology or medicine has been to some extent chemical in content or application. 

Nobel s instructions said that the prizes for chemistry and physics were to be awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the prizes for physiology or medicine by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, the prize for literature by the Swedish Academy, and the prize for peace by a five-person committee appointed by the Norwegian Parliament. The deliberations are secret, and the decisions cannot be appealed. In 1969, the Swedish Central Bank established a prize in economics in Nobel s honor. The recipient of this prize is selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sdaices. On December 10—the anniversary of Nobel s death— the prizes are awarded in Stockholm, except for the peace prize, which is awarded in Oslo. 

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