Nitroglycerine, source

Figure 11.35 Microprocess production plant for pharmaceutical nitroglycerine. Source Courtesy ofH. Lowe, IMM.

The Nitro-dur system, marketed by Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc., contains nitroglycerin in acryUc-based polymeric adhesives with a cross-linking agent for polymer stabiUty. This depot of dmg provides a continuous source of active ingredient. An impermeable backing prevents release of nitroglycerin away from the skin. The systems are individually sealed in a paper polyethylene-foil pouch (81). 

Ammonium nitrate is the cheapest source of oxygen available for commercial explosives at the present time. It is used by itself in conjunction with fuels, or to give more sensitive explosives in admixture with solid fuels and sensitisers such as nitroglycerine and TNT. It is, therefore, a compound of particular importance for the explosives industry. 

Fry thritol tetranitrate (9), the product from the U-nitration of erythritol, is an explosive equal in power to nitroglycerine and is a solid. Unfortunately, erythritol is not a commercially available chemical, the main source being from some species of seaweed. Consequently, erythritol tetranitrate has never found use as a practical explosive. 

Nitroglycerine is a very powerful secondary explosive with a high brisance, i.e. shattering effect, and it is one of the most important and frequently-used components for gelatinous commercial explosives. Nitroglycerine also provides a source of high energy in propellant compositions, and in combination with nitrocellulose and stabilizers it is the principal component of explosive powders and solid rocket propellants. 

According to information from different sources the heat of nitration of glycerol to nitroglycerine varies from 120 to 170 kcal per 1 kg of glycerine. 

Important aspects of the clinical history include the nature or quality of the chest pain, precipitating factors, duration, pain radiation, and the response to nitroglycerin or rest. There appears to be little relationship between the historical features of angina and the severity or extent of coronary artery vessel involvement. Ischemic chest pain may resemble pain arising from a variety of noncardiac sources, and the differential diagnosis of anginal pain from other etiologies may be difficult based on history alone. 

Formation of nitrate esters GaS chromatography of alkyl nitrates Alkenes as a source of nitrate esters Nitrate esters asexplosives Biological action of nitrate esters Glycerol trinitrate (nitroglycerine)... 

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