Nitroglycerine Nitroguanidine

NITROGEN TRIOXIDE NITROGLYCERIN NITROGUANIDINE NITROHYDROCHLORIC ACID NITROMETHANE... 

Secondary explosives (also known as high explosives) are different from primary explosives in that they cannot be detonated readily by heat or shock and are generally more powerful. Secondary explosives can be initiated to detonation only by a shock produced by the explosion of a primary explosive. Widely used secondary explosives include trinitrotoluene (TNT), tetryl, picric acid, nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, nitroguanidine, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), cyclotetramethylenetetranit-... 

Nitrogen tri-iodide Nitrogen tri-iodide Nitroglycerin Nitroguanidine Nitro-PCB... 

Examples of secondary explosives are TNT, tetryl, picric acid, nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, nitroguanidine, RDX, HMX and TATB. Examples of commercial secondary explosives are blasting gelatine, guhr dynamite and 60% gelatine dynamite. 

Scope. The three major military expls (TNT, RDX and HMX), the four most important military proplnt materials (Nitrocellulose, Nitroglycerin, Nitroguanidine and Dinitrotoluene) and two volatile and expl by-products (Tetranitro-methane from TNT manufg and Methyl nitrate from RDX/HMX manufg) are discussed here. 

High explosives such as trinitrotoluene, pentrit, hexogen, octogen, nitroglycerine, nitroguanidine, and tetryl cannot be initi as sily as primary explosives. In practice, they are usually initiated means of primary explosives. Although detonation is their basic explosive process, high explosives can also, under certain conditions, burn steadily. 

Nitrogen tribromide, 4 319 Nitrogen trifluoride, 22 830 production of, 22 845 Nitroglycerin[e] (NG), 9 47, 48 10 730 molecular formula and structure, 5 110t pharmacokinetics, 5 115 processes, 27 164 production of, 27 174 Nitro group, 27 157-158 Nitroguanidine, 20 734 Nitrol, molecular formula and structure, 5 1 lOt... 

Triple-based propellants are mixtures of nitroguanidine, nitrocellulose, and nitroglycerine. The mixture reduces the muzzle flash observed with double-based propellants, reduces the burn temperature, which protects the gun barrel, and increases the gas volume. Triple-based propellants are used in tank guns, large caliber guns, and some naval weapons. 

Single base" smokeless powder, developed mainly in the United States, uses only nitrocellulose. "Double base" smokeless powder, developed in Europe, is a blend of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine. "Cordite," a British development, consists of 65% NC, 30% NG, and 5% mineral jelly. The mineral jelly (a hydrocarbon material) functions as a coolant and produces substantial amounts of CO 2, CO, and H 2O gas to improve the propellant characteristics. "Triple base" smokeless powder, containing nitroguanidine as a third component with nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose is also manufactured. 

Single base A smokeless powder that contains nitrocellulose, but does not contain nitroglycerin or nitroguanidine. 

Smokeless propellants may be taken as another example of composite explosives. These may be either mixtures of nitrocellulose of differing degrees of nitration, partly in a colloidal and partly in a fibrous state with an admixture of the remaining solvent and a stabilizer or a solution of nitrocelluloses in carbamite (centralite) and nitroglycerine with an admixture of components such as aromatic nitro compounds, nitroguanidine, graphite etc. 

Non-explosive substance (e.g. vaseline) are added to nitroglycerine powders to reduce the heat of explosion and the temperature of the flash. The addition of cool explosives such as nitroguanidine has the same effect. 

Double base powders, i.e. nitroglycerine powders without a volatile solvent also include modem flashless powders containing nitroguanidine. 

Other patents of the interwar period include several that specified addition of substances rich in carbon, e.g. of powdered hydrocellulose, to obtain flashless charges. In the U.S.S.R. nitroglycerine powder was used in which a part of the nitroglycerine was replaced by aromatic nitro compounds. During World War II the most widely used flashless powder contained nitroguanidine (in Germany called Gudol powder). 

The introduction of a large amount of nitroguanidine would be very difficult, were it not for the replacement of the nitroglycerine by dinitrodiethyleneglycol which... 

Nitro-2-furoic acid, AD71 Nitroglycerin, AB7I Nitroguanidine, AA29... 

PES = Polyester-styrene copolymer NG = Nitroglycerine PS NGU - Polystyrene plasticizer with dioctylphthalate = Nitroguanidine PU = Polyurethane NC = Nitrocellulose ... 

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