Nitroglycerin for angina

Intraspecies 3—no unusually susceptible populations were identified. Because the time and concentration values were based on a threshold, these concentrations were adjusted by an uncertainty factor of 3 to account for differences in human sensitivity. More severe headaches are often experienced by heart patients medicated with nitroglycerin for angina and these concentrations are far below those inducing methemoglobinemia in infants. ... 

Passive transdermal dehvery systems on the market tend to be either matrix or membrane controUed. In matrix devices, the stmctural and molecular characteristics of the dmg-polymer matrix determine dmg release. Examples of polymer matrix-controUed diffusional systems for angina prophylaxis include Nitro-Dur and Nitrodisc, which provide transdermal dehvery of nitroglycerin [55-63-0], and Erandol, a tape that releases isosorbide dinitrate [87-33-2]. Matrix diffusional systems have been used for dehvering dmgs with a wide therapeutic index. 

Despite the limitations imposed by the physiology of the skin, several marketed controUed release transdermal dmg dehvery systems are available in the United States for example, scopolamine [51-34-3] for the treatment of motion sickness, nitroglycerin [55-63-0] for angina, estradiol [50-28-2] for the rehef of postmenopausal symptoms and osteoporosis, clonidine [4205-90-7] for the treatment of hypertension, fentanyl [437-38-7] as an analgesic, and nicotine [54-11-5] as an aid to smoking cessation. These systems are designed to dehver dmg for periods of one to seven days. 

When taking nitroglycerin for an acute attack of angina, sit or lie down. To relieve severe lightheadedness or dizziness, lie down, elevate die extremities, move die extremities, and breadie deeply. 

Ms. Moore is admitted with severe chest pain and a possible myocardial infarction. After tests are done, her primary health care provider prescribes transdermal nitroglycerin for her angina. Develop a teaching plan that will show Ms. Moore how and when to apply the transdermal form of nitroglycerin. 

A 70 year-old female is treated with sublingual nitroglycerin for her occasional bouts of angina. Which of the following is involved in the action of nitroglycerin ... 

Murell, W., Nitroglycerin as a remedy for angina pectoris. Lancet i (1879),... 

As noted under Mechanisms of Toxicity (Section 4.2), nitrate and nitrite esters are vasodilators with resulting hypotension (Nickerson 1975). Therapeutic doses of nitroglycerin for relief of angina are associated with headaches of vascular origin. Both PGDN and the structurally related ethylene glycol dinitrate produce headaches in humans and methemoglobinemia and hypotension in rats (Andersen and Mehl 1979). 

Pharmaceuticals, used in salves and dressings, antibiotic preparations, capsules, and suppositories used as a vasodialator for angina pectoris (nitroglycerine). 

Murrell, W 1879 Nitroglycerin as a remedy for angina pectoris. Lancet 1 80-81. Nitroglycerin was actually first synthesised by Sobrero in 1847 who noted when he applied it to his tongue it caused a severe headache. 

---