Nitrogen fixation cyanamide

Like the Haber process for the synthesis of ammonia, this reaction represents a way of converting elemental nitrogen into a compound (nitrogen fixation). Moreover, calcium cyanamide reacts with steam at high temperature to yield ammonia,... 

France. See also French Patent Office aquaculture production, 3 189t piezoelectric ceramics research, 1 708 regenerated cellulose fibers in, 11 249 Franck-Condon shift, 22 215 Frank-Caro cyanamide process, 17 292 Frankia species, in nitrogen fixation, 17 299... 

Other commercial processes for nitrogen fixation include the cyanide process [20], in which potassium cyanide is produced by passing nitrogen through a tube containing a red-hot mixture of potash and carbon the cyanamide process [21], in which calcium is heated to about 1000°C under nitrogen to form calcium cyanamide (CaNCN) and the arc process [20] (also known as the Birkeland-Eyde process), in which nitrogen is oxidized... 

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The product, calcium cyanamide, hydrolyzes to ammonia and can be used as a fertilizer. The process is expensive due to the high cost of calcium dicarbide. See also nitrogen fixation. 

For carbide and cyanamide see Peter J.T. Morris, The Development of Acetylene Chemistry and Synthetic Rubber by I.G. Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft, 1926-1945, Oxford University D.Phil. thesis, 1982. For a review of nitrogen fixation see Haber, op. cit. (1), pp. 84-97, and Alfred von Nagel, Stickstoff (Ludwigshafen BASF A.G., 1970). 

Electrochemistry and nitrogen fixation. Top (a) Birkeland-Eyde arc (b) sectional elevation of Birkeland-Eyde furnace, at right angles to arc disc (c) Schonherr-Hessberger furnace. Below manufacture of calcium cyanamide, via calcium carbide. (Source C.L. Mantell, Industrial Electrochemistry [New York McGraw-Hill, 2nd edition, 1940], pages 573, 574, 575, and 521, respectively.)... 

A technical exploitation of these experiments appeared unattractive, until 1909. Other methods of the chemical fixation of nitrogen, particularly the electric arc process for the formation of nitrous oxides (18) and the calcium cyanamide process (19) appeared far superior at that time. 

CaCa is used extensively for the manuf of acetylene, and Ca cyanamide(by fixation of atmospheric nitrogen), as the starting material for making the melamine family of resins, for the manuf of acetylene black and many other purposes Refs l)Beil 1,242,(105), [218] [ 12i 2)F. Wohler, Ann 124, 220( 1862) 3)H. 

Before the development of the cyanamide process for the fixation of nitrogen, cyanamide was prepared by the interaction of cyanogen chloride er bromide (from the action of the halogen on potassium cyanide) with ammonia in water or ether solution. 

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