Nitrogen cycle outputs

Using an approach analogous to that for carbon, Sano et al. (1998, 2001) have attempted to understand the nitrogen cycle at subduction zones. Again, the problem is to identify and quantify the various contributory sources to the volcanic output. At subduction zones, there are three major sources of nitrogen the mantle (M), atmosphere (A), and subducted sediments (S), and each has a diagnostic value and N2/ Ar... 

Output items of regional biogeochemical nitrogen cycle... 

According to the aim of the study, a data set of soil descriptors of d5mamic properties (Karlen et al, 2001) related to soil quality has been chosen, in conformity with the criteria proposed by Doran and Zeiss (2000). Since the main differences between the two soil management systems are supposed to be the input/output budget of nutritive elements (Intrigliolo et al, 2000) and the improvement of soil organic fertility and of environmentally linked attributes, the soil quality indicators chosen were related to soil carbon and nitrogen cycles (pools and processes) and to the availability of nutrients for the crop. 

Fig. 5. Equipment foi surface treating plastic components. Parts ate loaded into one of the two lower chambers which is then evacuated to remove most of the air. This chamber is then flooded with a dilute mixture of fluorine and nitrogen which is made and stored in the upper chamber. After the treatment is completed, the fluorine mixture is pumped back up to the upper chamber for storage and the lower chamber repeatedly flooded with air and evacuated to remove any traces of fluorine gas. Two treatment chambers are cycled between the loading/unloading operation and the treatment step to increase equipment output. The fluorine—nitrogen blend may be used several times before by-products from the treatment process begin to interfere. AH waste...

The modified Brayton cycle is used for both gas turbines and jet engines. The turbine is designed to produce a usable torque at the output shaft, while the jet engine allows most of the hot gases to expand into the atmosphere, producing usable thrust. Emissions from both turbines and jets are similar, as are their control methods. The emissions are primarily unbumed hydrocarbons, unbumed carbon which results in the visible exhaust, and oxides of nitrogen. Control of the unbumed hydrocarbons and the unburned... 

Table 4.7. Basic reactions of the global biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen and their energy output. From Delvich (1972).

The data output of the automatic apparatus is in the form of a pressure-volume record on a strip chart. The chart advance and chart pen drive operate in such a manner that the relative pressure scale reads horizontally and the volume scale reads vertically. The horizontal pen position records the difference in pressure between the vapor in equilibrium with the sample and that in a liquid nitrogen thermometer in the sample bath. The chart drive mechanism moves the chart 0.1 inch for each valve cycle involved in adding, or removing, a unit quantity of nitrogen gas. 

Force/Displacement-Temperature Experiments. Force as a function of temperature was obtained by placing a sample in a vertical glass oven and gripping both ends, with one end attached to a load cell and the other to an adjustable mount. A slow nitrogen flow was introduced through the bottom and an RTD probe was placed near the middle of the sample. Output from the probe and load cell was recorded on a Bascom-Turner Instrument model 4000. With a sample in place several heating and cooling cycles were performed at various loads. 

The output of this MEL model is to understand the mechanisms by which ecosystems might sequester C under elevated CO2 and N concentrations in the atmosphere. From the perspective of coupled biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen, sequestration can be only achieved in combination with one or more of the following changes in ecosystem priorities ... 

Thus, the following links of nitrogen biogeochemical cycle were accounted for mass balance calculations in Northern-East Asia and the whole East Asian domain input — deposition, fertilizers, biological N fixation, import of food and products, riverine fluxes and output — crop uptake, denitrification, volatilization, runoff, sedimentation and sea water exchange. All calculations were condncted for 1994-1997 and the mean values were used. 

Regional mass balance of nitrogen in the Republic of Korea The quantitative parameterization of different input and output links of the N biogeo-chemical cycle in the South Korean peninsula allows us to make up the calculation of two mass balance estimates, for agroecosystems ( 2.0 x 10 ha) and for the whole area of the Republic of Korea. The input/output items for different types of mass balance were estimated in accordance with characteristic fluxes shown in Table 2. 

Singh S, Bakshi BR. Accounting for the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen in input-output life cycle assessment. Environ Sci Technol 2013 47(16) 9388—96. 

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