Nicotine addiction/consumption

Hughes, G. V., and Boland, F. J., The effects of caffeine and nicotine consumption on mood and somatic variables in a penitentiary inmate population. Addictive Behaviors 17(5), 447-457, 1992. 

The addictiveness of a given substance goes beyond the chemical structure of the addictive drug itself (i.e., morphine, cocaine, or nicotine). The effects are also related to the dose and speed of delivery, as well as to other substances that might be part of the formulation. For example, just as the oral consumption of opioids and cocaine produce substantially less pronounced behavioral and physiological effects than intravenous or smoked consumption, slow release forms of nicotine produce generally less pronounced effects than smoked forms (Henningfield and Keenan 1993). Similarly, the free base or unprotonated forms of cocaine and... 

So why was it possible for certain countries, some companies and a few people to accumulate great wealth from producing and distributing a NP-rich product that was in theory easily accessible to most consumers At first it was state power that was used to create and maintain a monopoly of supply with the aim of raising taxes. Several major states are still involved in the nicotine trade, even though they recognise that tobacco consumption can be harmful. It seems that states, as well as individuals, can become addicted to tobacco. However, after state monopolies began to fail, tobacco... 

Brugmansia Candida was supposed to be at least in part - beside tropanes - responsible for the addiction induced by consumption of flowers by humans (Gambaro and Roses 1989). Finally, Withania somnifera (Physaleae clade, Withaninae subc-lade) is reported to contain nicotine (Majumdar 1952, 1955). 

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