Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate fatty acid metabolism

Nicotinamide functions in the animal body as the active group of two important coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).These coenzymes are involved in the mechanism of hydrogen transfer in living cells (see Chapter 9) NAD is involved in the oxidative phosphorylation system, the tricyclic acid (TCA) cycle and the metabolism of many molecules, including pyruvate, acetate, (3-hydroxy-butyrate, glycerol, fatty acids and glutamate NADPH is the hydrogen acceptor in the pentose phosphate pathway. 

Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin. The RDA of niacin for the adult man is 19 mg. Niacin is converted in the bi>dy to the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD also exists in a phosphorylated form, NADP The phosphate group occurs on the 2-hydrr>xyl group of the AMP half of the coenzyme, NAD and NADP are used in the catalysis of oxidation and reduction reactions. These reactions are called redox reactions. NAD cycles between the oxidized form, NAD, and the reduced form, NADH + H. The coenzyme functions to accept and donate electrons. NADP behaves in a similar fashion. It occurs as NADP and NADPH + HT The utilization of NAD is illustrated in the sections on glycolysis, the malatc-aspartate shuttle, ketone body metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation. The utilization of NADP is illustrated in the sectirrns concerning fatty acid synthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway. 

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