Nickel thermodynamic propertie

The successful rationalization of these transition-metal inverse spinel structures in terms of the relative LFSE s of tetrahedral and octahedral sites is another attractive vindication of ligand-field theory as applied to structure and thermodynamic properties. Once again, however, we must be very careful not to extrapolate this success. Thus, we have a clear prediction that LSFE contributions favour tetrahedral over octahedral coordination, except for d" with n = 0, 5 or 10. We do not expect to rationalize the relative paucity of tetrahedral nickel(ii) species relative to octahedral ones on this basis, however. Many factors contribute to this, the most obvious and important one being the greater stabilization engendered by the formation of six bonds in octahedral species relative to only four bonds in tetrahedral ones. Compared with that, the differences in LSFE s is small beer. Why , one asks, was our rationalization of spinel structures so successful when we neglected to include consideration of the bond count The answer is that cancellations within the extended lattice of the spinels tend to diminish the importance of this term. 

The thermodynamic properties of magnesium make it a natural choice for use as an anode material in rechargeable batteries, as it may provide a considerably higher energy density than the commonly used lead-acid and nickel-cadmium systems, while in contrast to Pb and Cd, magnesium is inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and safe to handle. However, the development of Mg-ion batteries has so far been limited by the kinetics of Mg " " diffusion and the lack of suitable electrolytes. Actually, in spite of an expected general similarity between the processes of Li and Mg ion insertion into inorganic host materials, most of the compounds that exhibit fast and reversible Li ion insertion perform very poorly in Mg " ions. Hence, there... 

Levitskii V. A., Golovanova Yu. G., Popov S. G., and Chentsov V. N. (1975). Thermodynamics of binary oxide system Thermodynamic properties of nickel orthosilicate. Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 49 971-974. 

A. D. Mah and L.B. Pankratz, Contributions to the Data on Theoretical Metallurgy, XVI. Thermodynamic properties of Nickel and Its Inorganic Compounds, Bulletin 668, Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 1976. 

SEL/LES3] Selivanova, N. M., Leshchinskaya, Z. L., Maier, A. L, Strel tsov, 1. S., Muzalev, E. Y., Thermodynamic properties of nickel selenite dihydrate, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 37, (1963), 1563-1567, in Russian, English translation in [63SEL/LES4], Cited on page 312. 

Gronvold, F., Heat capacities and thermodynamic properties of iron diselenide and nickel diselenide from 300 to 1000 K, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 7, (1975), 645-654. Cited on pages 311, 329. 

Due to the kinetically inert nature of nickel oxide with respect to its dissolution in aqueous media the solubility of NiO has been studied only at elevated temperatures so far [80TRE/LEB2], [89ZIE/JON]. These studies are not suitable for the calculation of any thermodynamic properties of NiO because of the high uncertainty of the measured solubilities compared to the high-temperature emf data and the low-temperature heat capac-... 

Recently the thermodynamic property values of Ni(II) hydroxide have been reviewed by Archer [99ARC] and critically evaluated by Plyasunova et al. [98PLY/ZHA]. The data of Ni(OH)2(cr) reported are rather uncertain and, as this solid phase is of considerable importance for the deposition and remobilisation of nickel, they have been re-evaluated on the basis of recent solubility measurements [2002GAM/WAL]. 

V.5.1.1.1.3 Discussion of selected thermodynamic properties of nickel sulphides... 

Busey and Giauque measured the heat capacity of nickel from 15 to 300 K. The entropy, heat content and free energy functions have been calculated. The authors used 99.98% nickel, in contrast to the numerous low temperature heat capacity studies quoted in this paper where rather low purity Ni-metal was investigated. Calculations of thermodynamic properties of nickel were extended to 800 K on the basis of available data. However, the results of such extrapolation seem to be less reliable. The standard molar entropy of Ni determined by Busey and Giauque was equal to 29.86 J-K -mol . ... 

Archer detailed the sources of previous thermodynamic property values for nickel and some of its compounds being of importance to environmental processes. This review is particularly relevant to the origin of values contained in the NBS Thermodynamic Tables [82WAG/EVA]. 

PEA/ECK] Pearce, J. N., Eckstrom, H. C., The vapor pressures and some thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of nickel chloride at 25 C, J. Phys. Chem., 41, (1937), 563-567. Cited on pages 128, 423. 

KEL] Kellogg, H. H., Thermodynamic properties of the oxides of copper and nickel, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 14, (1969), 41-44. Cited on page 103. 

GRO/STO] Gr0nvold, F., Stelen, S., Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of millerite from 298.15 to 660 K and NiAs-type nickel(II) sulfide from 260 to 1000 K. Thermodynamics of the NiAs-type to millerite transition, Thermochim. Acta, 266, (1995), 213-229. Cited on pages 164, 171, 172,315,392,428. 

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