Nickel magnetic moment

Figure 6. Ordered nickel magnetic moments vs staggered magnetic field directed along the nickel chain. Both quantities are estimated from the spectroscopically measured ground-state splitting of Er3+ in (ErxY1.x)2BaNi05.

Figure Cl.1.5. Nickel cluster magnetic moment per atom (p) as a function of cluster size, at temperatures between 73 and 198 K. Apsel S E, Emmert J W, Deng J and Bloomfield L A 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 1441, figure 1.

When the effective atomic number becomes a little greater than the value for iron, however, the stable atomic orbitals are occupied by one electron per orbital, and further electrons can enter this set of orbitals only by becoming paired accordingly, the magnetic moment begins to fall, as is indicated by the experimental data. The magnetic moment drops to the value 1.7 for cobalt and 0.6 for nickel, and to zero at a point 60 percent of the way between nickel and copper. 

Recently it was pointed out by Zener7 that the atomic moments, in parallel orientation, might react with the electrons in the conduction band in such a way as to uncouple some of the pairs, producing a set of conduction electrons occupying individual orbitals, and with spins parallel to the spins of the atomic electrons. Zener assumed that the conduction band for the transition metals is formed by the 4.s orbitals of the atoms, and that there is somewhat less than one conduction electron per atom in iron, cobalt, and nickel. Like Slater, he attributed the atomic magnetic moments to the partially filled 3d subshell. 

In nickel 28.5% of the atoms, without a metallic orbital, have two atomic electrons with parallel spins, and magnetic moment 1.94 (corre-... 

For alloys of iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper the calculated values of saturation magnetic moments agree closely with the observed values in particular, the maximum value of about 2.48 magnetons at electron number about 26.3 is reproduced by the theory. There is, however, only rough agreement between the observed and calculated values of the Curie temperature. 

Nickel(II) complexes of (505) exhibit spin equilibria in solution.1355 With the bidentate analogues (506), complexes [Ni(506)2] have been isolated.1356 When Rj = Ph, the complex is tetrahedral in solution. It has a temperature independent magnetic moment of 2.75pB- When R = Me, the complex exhibits square planar-tetrahedral equilibrium in solution. Both are, however, diamagnetic in the solid state. 

Barefield, Busch and Nelson (1968) Iron, cobalt and nickel complexes having anomalous magnetic moments [202]. 

MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF THE MAGNETIC MOMENTS OF NICKEL CLUSTERS... 

Recall that the saturation magnetization, Mj, is the maximum possible magnetization in the material, and is simply the prodnct of the net magnetic moment per atom. Pm, and the number of atoms per unit volnme, N. The net magnetic moment, in turn, is related to the electronic structure (paired or unpaired electrons), although a number of other factors come into play. Use this information to calculate the saturation magnetization for nickel. 

Person P. Look up the net magnetic moment of nickel in Table 6.16 and convert it from units of Bohr magnetons to A m. ... 

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