Nickel chlorate

Lead dioxide on graphite or titanium substrates has been utilised as an anode in the production of chlorate and hypochlorites and on nickel as an anode in lead-acid primary batteries Lead dioxide on a titanium substrate has also been tested for use in the cathodic protection of heat exchangers and in seawater may be operated at current densities up to lOOOAm" . However, this anode has not gained general acceptance as a cathodic protection anode for seawater applications, since platinised Ti anodes are generally preferred. 

Electroless nickel-phosphorus should not be used with either fused or hot, strong, aqueous caustic solutions because the coating offers lower resistance to attack than does electrodeposited nickel. As-deposited electroless nickel-boron, however, offers good resistance to hot aqueous caustic solutions It is also resistant to solutions of oxidising salts such as potassium dichromate, permanganate, chlorate and nitrate. 

Unexpected uniformities observed in the impact-sensitivities of a group of 22 amminecobalt oxosalts are related to kinetic factors during the initiation process [6], A series of ammine derivatives of cadmium, cobalt, copper, mercury, nickel, platinum and zinc with (mainly) iodate anions was prepared and evaluated as explosives [7], Earlier, ammine and hydrazine derivatives of cadmium, cobalt, copper and nickel with chlorate or perchlorate anions had been evaluated as detonators. Dihydrazinecopper(II) chlorate had exploded when dried at ambient temperature [8],... 

Bis(l,2-diaminoethane)diaquacobalt(III) perchlorate, 1793 Bis(l,2-diaminoethane)dichlorocobalt(III) chlorate, 1786 Bis(l,2-diaminoethane)dichlorocobalt(III) perchlorate, 1787 c/ s-Bis(l,2-diaminoethane)dinitrocobalt(III) iodate, 1784 Bis(l,2-diaminoethane)dinitrocobalt(III) perchlorate, 1784 Bis(l,2-diaminoethane)hydroxooxorhenium(V) perchlorate, 1791 Bis(l,2-diaminopropane)-c/5-dichlorochromium(III) perchlorate, 2613 Bis(diethylenetriamine)cobalt(III) perchlorate, 3106 l,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethanepalladium(II) perchlorate, 3864 Bis(hydrazine)diperchloratochromium(III) perchlorate, 4128 Bis(hydrazine)nickel perchlorate, 4069 Bis(hydrazine)tin(II) chloride, 4070 Bis(hydroxylamine)zinc chloride, 4067... 

Many of the salts which have been prepared are explosive and sensitive to heat or impact. These include chlorites of copper (violent on impact), hydrazine (monochlorite, inflames when dry), nickel (explodes at 100°C but not on impact), silver (at 105° or on impact), sodium, tetramethylammonium, mercury, thallium and lead (which shows detonator properties). Several other chlorites not isolated and unstable in solution include mono-, di- and tri-methylammonium chlorites. The metal salts are powerful oxidants [1], Chlorites are much less stable than the corresponding chlorates, and most will explode under shock or on heating to around 100°C [2], Individually indexed compounds are ... 

Ephraim and Bolle 3 find that the stability of the ammines of general formula [M(NII3) ]R2 depends not only on the central atom but also on the anion. These influences oppose one another, and the stability of the whole molecule is therefore the resultant of the two influences consequently, very little parallelism may appear between analogous compounds. For instance, the temperatures of decomposition of the hexanunino-salts of nickel decrease in the order perchlorate, iodide, bromide, chlorate, nitrate, chloride, sulphate whilst in the ease of the liexammino-salts of zinc, the order for decreasing stability is iodide, bromide, chloride, perchlorate, sulphate, nitrate, chlorate. 

The chlorates are strong initiators with an initiating power exceeding that of mercury fulminate and even that of lead azide. The ignition temperature of the cadmium salt is 125°C, and that of the nickel salt 170°C. Basic perchlorates of cadmium and nickel are also initiators, weaker than the chlorates, but somewhat stronger than mercury fulminate. 

---