NIACIN, NICOTINAMIDE, AND NICOTINIC ACID

3-Pyridine carboxamide [98-92-0] (nicotinamide) (1) and 3-pyridine carboxylic acid [59-67-6] (nicotinic acid) (2) have a rich history and their early significance stems not from their importance as a vitamin but rather as products derived from the oxidation of nicotine. In 1867, Huber prepared nicotinic acid from the potassium dichromate oxidation of nicotine. Many years later, Engler prepared nicotinamide. Workers at the turn of the twentieth century isolated nicotinic acid from several natural sources. In 1894, Su2uki isolated nicotinic acid from rice bran, and in 1912 Funk isolated the same substance from yeast (1). 

In 1913, Goldberger demonstrated that pellagra was due to a dietary deficiency. Pellagra had been eadier described by Thiery, who had coined the term mal de la rosa for this disease. Several decades later, Elvehjem and co-workers isolated nicotinamide from a Hver extract and identified it as a peUagra-preventing factor (1). 

The biological importance of these compounds stems from their use as cofactors. Both nicotinamide and nicotinic acid ate building blocks for coen2yme I (Co I), nicotinarnide—adenine dinucleotide (NAE)) (3) and coen2yme II (Co II), nicotinarnide—adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAE)P) (4) (2). 

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Edition) 

Nicotinamide is a colorless, crystalline solid. It is very soluble in water (1 g is soluble in 1 mL of water) and in 95% ethanol (1 g is soluble in 1.5 mL of solvent). The compound is soluble in butanol, amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, acetone, and chloroform, but is only slightly soluble in ether or benzene. Physical properties are Hsted in Table 1. 

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Vitamin B3. See Vitamins, Niacin, Nicotinamide, and Nicotinic acid. 

Niacin, nicotinamide, and nicotinic acid. Pantothenic acid,... 

Apelagrm - [VITALES -NIACINE, NICOTINAMIDE AND NICOTINIC ACID] (Vol 25)... 

Niacm - piTAMINS - NIACINE,NICOTINAMIDEAND NICOTINIC ACID] (Vol 25) - [FEEDS AND FEED ADDITIVES - PET FOODS] (Vol 10) - [FINECHEMICALS - PRODUCTION] (Vol 10) - [FEEDS AND FEED ADDITIVES - RUMINANT FEEDS] (Vol 10) -m dairy substitutes pAIRY SUBSTITUTES] (Vol 7) -m dairy substitutes pAIRY SUBSTITUTES] (Vol 7) -deficiency of piTAMINS - NIACINE,NICOTINAMIDEAND NICOTINIC ACID] (Vol 25) -dietary requirements piTAMINS - NIACINE, NICOTINAMIDE AND NICOTINIC ACID] (Vol 25) -m nuts PUTS] (Vol 17) -m nuts PUTS] (Vol 17)... 

Van Amum SD (1998) Vitamins (niacin, nicotinamide, and nicotinic acid). Kirk—Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th edn, Vol 25. Wiley, New York, pp 83-99. 

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