Neutrophils alveolar, cytokine production

Chemokines have been found to be produced by an array of cells, including monocytes, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, platelets, eosinophils, mast cells, T and B lymphocytes, NK cells, keratinocytes, mesangial cells, epithelial cells, hepatocytes, flbroblasts, smooth muscle cells, mesothelial cells, and endothelial cells. These cells can produce chemokines in response to a variety of factors, including viruses, bacterial products, IL-1, TNF, C5a, LTB4, and IFNs. The production of chemokines by both immune and nonimmune cells supports the contention that these cytokines may play a pivotal role in orchestrating chronic inflammation. We will focus our discussion on the role of the CXC and CC chemokine families in the context of pulmonary fibrosis. 

Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat alveolar macrophages is regulated by the polyamine, putrescine (Kamoi et al. 1997). 

Crippen TL, Klasing KC, Hyde DM. Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant production by primary rat alveolar type It eells. Inflammation 1995 19 575-586. 

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