Neutron spiral

To demonstrate the importance of the golden ratio it is assumed that protons and neutrons occur in the nucleus on three-dimensional spirals of opposite chirality, and balanced in the ratio Z/N = r, about a central point. The overall ratio for all nuclides, invariably bigger than r, means that a number of protons, equal to Z — Nt, will be left over when all neutrons are in place on the neutron spiral. These excess protons form a sheath around the central spiral region, analogous to the valence-electron mantle around the atomic core. The neutron spiral is sufficient to moderate the coulomb repulsion while the surface layer of protons enhances the attraction on the extranuclear electrons. 

Where will humans be, five billion years from now, at the end of the world Even if we could somehow withstand the incredible heat of the sun, we would not survive. In about seven billion years, the Sun s outer atmosphere will engulf the Earth. Due to atmospheric friction, the Earth will spiral into the sun and incinerate. In one trillion years, stars will cease to form and all large stars will have become neutron stars or black holes. In 100 trillion years, even the longest-lived stars will have used up all their fuel. 

A neutron-diffraction study [13] of a-resoreinol has confirmed and detailed Robrbtson s [14] earlier picture, from x-ray diffraction, of spirals of hydrogen bonds which link together neighbouring molecules in the structure. This is illustrated in Fig. 0 where the spiral of bonds... 

Fig. 39. The different magnetic structures of HoNi2 B2C as determined by neutron scattering, (a) Commensurate antiferromagnetic, (b) incommensurate restructure (spiral) with the modulation vector T2 = (0.0,0.916) and (c) proposal how the incommensurate a -structure looks like (Loewenhaupt et al. 1997). Its modulation vector is...

The strange carbon blast was produced by binary star 4U 1820-30, which consists of a dwarf star orbiting a neutron star. Gas from the dwarf flows in a spiral pattern around the neutron star. When some of the dwarf s gas collides with the neutron star s surface, a compressed slurry of hydrogen and helium is formed. Pressures and temperatures can get sufficiently high in the slurry layer that the elements flash-fuse in a thermonuclear explosion. Each blast leaves carbon, one of the byproducts of helium fusion. Gradually a layer of carbon several hundred meters thick reaches a critical temperature and ignites a carbon bomb that rages for hours. [For more information, see Robert Irion, Astronomers spot their first carbon bomb, Science 290(5495) 1279 (November 17, 2000).]... 

The present state of knowledge about invisible dark matter indicates that it represents the predominant part (about 90%) of the total mass of the universe. It includes the so-called missing mass. Dark matter is not discernible by any kind of electromagnetic radiation in the region from y rays to radiowaves, but its gravitational effects on other kinds of matter are observable. For example, the rotation of spiral galaxies such as the Milky Way can only be explained if 90% of the matter is invisible in the sense mentioned above. The question of the nature of the dark mass is still open. Various possibilities are discussed matter different from that on the earth (no protons, neutrons and electrons), remnants of the big bang, neutrinos. However, the actual mass of neutrinos is still uncertain. 

P2i2i2i Z = 4 Dx = 1.541 R = 0.032 for 797 intensities R = 0.066 for 1,032 neutron intensities. The molecules have a sickle, carbon-chain conformation. They are linked by two hydrogen-bond spirals, one of which has O-H separations longer, and the other shorter, than normal (1.8 A 180 pm). 

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