Neurotoxicity of manganese

H. Komiskey Xavier University of Louisiana, College of Pharmacy Neurotoxicity of manganese in rats uptake, tissue distribution, and neurotoxic effects of three manganese compounds ATSDR... 

Dorman DC, Struve MF, Vitarella D, et al. 2000. Neurotoxicity of manganese chloride in neonatal and adult CD rats following subchronic (21-day) high-dose oral exposure. J Appl Tox 20 000-000. 

Graham, D.G. Catecholamine toxicity A proposal for the molecular pathogenesis of manganese neurotoxicity and Parkinson s disease. Neurotoxicology 5 83-86, 1984. 

Dll. Donaldson, J., LaBella, F. S., and Gesser, D. Enhanced autooxidation of dopamine as possible basis of manganese neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 1, 53-64 (1981). 

The toxic effects of manganese in dogs (SEDA-21, 239) and humans (4) tend to involve the heart, liver, and nervous system, but some endocrine effects can occur. The general toxicity of manganese (5) and its neurotoxicity (6) have been reviewed. 

The central nervous system is the primary target of manganese toxicity. Although it is known that manganese is a cellular toxicant that can impair transport systems, enzyme activities, and receptor functions, the principal manner in which manganese neurotoxicity occurs has not been clearly established (Aschner and Aschner 1991). 

Studies in rodents and nonhuman primates indicate that oral intake of high doses of manganese can lead to biochemical and behavioral changes indicative of nervous system effects (Bonilla and Prasad 1986 Chandra 1983 Gupta et al. 1980 Kristensson et al. 1986 Lai et al. 1984 Nachtman et al. 1986), and this is supported by intravenous studies in monkeys (Newland and Weiss 1992). Rodents do not appear to be as susceptible to manganese neurotoxicity as humans however, a study by Newland and Weiss (1992) indicates that Cebus monkeys would be a reasonable animal model. Further studies in animals may help determine the basis for the apparent differences in route and species susceptibility. 

S.F. Ali Food and Drug Administration Oxidative stress A neurochemical mechanism of manganese-induced neurotoxicity NS... 

Donaldson J, LaBella FS, Gesser D. 1980. Enhanced autoxidafion of dopamine as a possible basis of manganese neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity 2 53-64. 

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