Neurotoxicity mechanisms

Aschner M, Aschner JL. 1990. Mercury neurotoxicity mechanisms of blood-brain barrier transport. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 14 169-176. 

Demuro, A., Mina, E., Kayed, R., Milton, S. C., Parker, I., and Glabe, C. G. (2005). Calcium dysregulation and membrane disruption as a ubiquitous neurotoxic mechanism of soluble amyloid oligomers./. Biol. Chem. 280, 17294—17300. 

Maduh EU, Johnson JD, ArdeltBK, etal. 1988. Cyanide-induced neurotoxicity Mechanisms of attenuation by chlorpromazine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 96 60-67. 

Several toxins may also alter the mechanisms that need the excitatory action of glutamate. Neurotoxicity mechanisms by excitatory amino acids can be of two types ... 

Nath A, Geiger JD (1998) Neurobiological aspects of HIV infections neurotoxic mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 54 19-3... 

Transient hippocampal hypermetabolism associated with glutamate release after acute subdural haematoma in the rat a potentially neurotoxic mechanism J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11, S109 (Abstr). 

The question of neurotoxins and neurotoxicity mechanisms was extensively described by Segura-Aguilar and Kostrzewa (2006). Some of them are described below. 

Segura-Aguilar, J., Kostrzewa, R.M. (2006). Neurotoxins and neurotoxicity mechanisms. An overview. Neurotox. Res. 10 263-88. 

Since the canse of transient radicnlar irritation after hdocaine intrathecal anesthesia has not been elncidated, and although non-neurotoxic mechanisms mnst be considered, it has been recommended that the lowest effective doses and concentrations for intrathecal injection should be used (219). 

Atchison, WD Michigan State University East Lansing, Ml Neurotoxic mechanisms of methylmercury poisoning. NIEHS... 

Aschner, M., and J.L. Aschner. 1990. Mercury neurotoxicity Mechanisms of hlood-hrain harrier transport. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 14(2) 169-176. 

Several measurements require the collection of nervous tissue at necropsy and homogenization of the tissues prior to analysis simple tissue procedures and associated measurements often do not indicate the localization of effects. Assays using tissue microdissection and in vitro cell cultures can help in the understanding of neurotoxic mechanisms, and these are being used more widely (Abdulla and Campbell 1992 Costa 1998 Harry et al. 1998). The development of assays such as neural gold protein, amyloid precursor protein, neuron specific enolase, heat shock proteins, and amyloid precursor proteins to study nervous diseases may find applications in some toxicology studies where the assays can be adapted for laboratory animals (de la Monte et al. 1997 Fitzpatrick et al. 2000 Rajdev and Sharp 2000). 

Kohler, C., Schwarcz, R., and Fuxe, K., 1979, Intrahippocampal injections of ibotenic acid provide histological evidence for a neurotoxic mechanism different from kainic acid, Neurosci. Lett. 15 223-228. 

---