Pharmacological management neuropathic pain

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Morphine is perhaps the most extensively used analgesic for the management of acute pain associated with injury, neuropathic conditions and cancer. Morphine acts on the central nervous system by activating membrane opioid receptors. The pharmacological effects of morphine vary enormously with dosage. Small doses induce euphoria and sedation, whereas high doses cause pupil dilation, irregular respiration, pale skin, a deep sleep and eventual death within 6-8 h due to respiratory paralysis (Hesse 2002). Even at moderate doses, morphine causes constipation, loss of appetite, hypothermia, a slow... 

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