Neuron, glucose utilization

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Promotes Neuronal Glucose Utilization During Brain Development and Repair Processes... 

Itoh, Y., Esaki, T., Shimoji, K. etal. Dichloroacetate effects on glucose and lactate oxidation by neurons and astroglia in vitro and on glucose utilization by brain in vivo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 4879-84, 2003. 

Pellerin L. and Magistretti P J. (1994). Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis a mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 10625-10629. 

The impairment of glucose utilization could result from the modification of the glycolytic enzymes under oxidative stress effects. Oxidative stress is an important factor leading to the pathophysiologcal alterations in conformational diseases. Oxidative stress is manifested in protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, DNA oxidation, and advanced glycation end-products, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) formation. Either the oxidants or the products of oxidative stress could modify the proteins or activate other pathways that may lead to additional impairment of cellular functions and to neuronal loss [57, 58]. 

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