Networks, polymeric ionic

Styrene-Divinylbenzene Networks. Using ionic polymerization methods, Rietsch et al. (1976) prepared polystyrene (PS) networks with a well-controlled length of elastically active chains and crosslinks of variable functionality. In a given series, the glass transition temperature obeys the classical free volume theory ... 

In the polymerization of the ion monomer pairs (which is carried out in aqueous solution) the cationic moieties (MPTMA+ or MPDMA+) and the anionic moiety (AMPS ) could have similar Q and e values, since they are the derivatives of acrylamide, resulting in a random incorporation of these units into the chain. Under these circumstances, a resulting network of ionically cross-linked chains seemed possible. Indeed, initially, hydrogels were formed in the polymerization of the monomer pairs of MPTMA AMPS and MPDMA AMPS. 

Phenol Degradation by Candida tropicalis Whole Cells Entrapped in Polymeric Ionic Networks... 

Shahinpoor, M., Mojarrad, M., Active Musculoskeletal Structures Equipped with a Circulatory System and a Network of ionic Polymeric Gel Muscles , Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Intelligent Materials, pp. 1079-1085, 1994. 

In the creation of network structures by chemical bonding (covalent bonding), there is a method of (1) crosslinking at the same time as polymerization or (2) crosslinking by chemical reaction after linear polymer chains have been synthesized. The latter method can be further divided into the addition polymerization in the presence of divinyl conqjounds (radical polymerization, anionic polymerization, ionic polymerization, etc.) or the formation of crosslinked structures by polycondensation of multifunctional compoimds. In the addition reaction, free radical polymerization is generally utilized. In this free radical polymerization method, initiators are usually used, but light, radiation, and plasmas can also be used. 

One double bond remains in the main chain for each monomer that reacts. Free-radical polymerization can also produce a 1,2 form of addition at the same time, so that the polymer that results may have some unsaturated side groups and perhaps even some network formation. Ionic and coordination complex schemes of... 

In a plasma polymerization process, the growth of low molecular weight monomer species to a high molecular weight plasma polymer network takes place. In a chemical sense, plasma polymerization is different from conventional polymerizations, such as radical or ionic. The term radical polymerization means that propagating reactions of monomers are initiated by radical species. Ionic polymerization means that chemical reactions are propagated by ionic species in the polymerization step. Plasma polymerization involves an energy source to... 

Transformation of epoxy resins, which are viscous liquids or thermoplastic solids, into network polymers is a result of interaction with alkali or acid substances by means of to polyaddition and ionic polymerization mechanisms.10 A resin solidified by to the polyaddition mechanism, is a block copolymer consisting of alternating blocks of resin and a hardener or curing agent. A resin solidified by the ionic mechanism is a homopolymer. Molecules of both resin and hardener contain more than one active group. That is why block copolymer formation is a result of multiple reactions between an epoxy resin and a curing agent.11... 

Probably the most useful method for preparing polymeric materials through unsupported metallophilic interactions is an acid-base reaction. In these, basic gold(I) precursors react with metallic Lewis acids, forming supramolecular networks via acid-base stacking. The stability of these systems can be related to the ionic interactions nevertheless, the dispersion forces and relativistic effects can also be invoked to explain the formation of these systems, and in some occasions, these effects are even more important than the electrostatic attractions in determining the structural motifs. 

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