Nervous system immune regulation

The endogenous opioids are another family of peptides involved in different physiological processes including pain regulation, respiratory control, stress responses, appetite, thermoregulation, and humoral and cellular immune function (Bodnar RJ., 2008). Opioids act through their receptors, which are also members of the GPCR family, and are expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as on cells of the immune system (Henriksen and Willoch 2008 Hauser... 

Many cytokines play a regulatory role in processes other that immunity and inflammation. Neurotrophic factors, such as NGF and BDNF, regulate growth, development and maintenance of various neural populations in the central and peripheral nervous system. EPO stimulates the production of red blood cells from erythroid precursors in the bone marrow. 

Zinc plays a number of important roles in the body and deficiency results in serious adverse effects. Recommended daily intake is 12 to 15 mg. Zinc is very common in the environment and readily available in many foods, including grains, nuts, legumes, meats, seafood, and dairy products. Numerous enzymes require zinc, as do proteins that regulate gene expression. Zinc plays a role in the immune system and is also important in the development and function of the nervous system. 

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