Peripheral nerves electrophysiology

Soc. Neurosci. Absts., 15, 125 (1989). "Semipermeable Collagen-based Nerve Guide Tubes Are as Effective as Standard Nerve Grafts to Repair Transected Peripheral Nerves An Electrophysiological Study in the Non-human Primate."... 

Anderson RJ. 1987. Peripheral nerve conduction velocities and excitability. In Lowndes HE, ed. Electrophysiology in neurotoxicology, Vol. 11. Piscataway, NJ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers 51-69. 

Degenerating axons in the peripheral nerves can also be examined as described below, and electrophysiological estimates of motor unit number could be informative. Motor units are defined as a single motor neuron (axon) and the muscle fibers its terminals innervate. In motor neuron diseases, the number of motor units is anticipated to decrease as motor neurons die, but the size of motor units may increase with compensatory sprouting and reinnervation (e.g., (1)). Interpretation can be further confounded by factors such as a change in muscle fiber number or innervation of muscle fibers by multiple motor axons. Therefore, the best interpretation results from corroborating evidence from the spinal cord, nerve, synapse, and the muscle. 

Chassande B, Leger JM, Younes-Chennoufi AB, Bengoufa D, Maisonobe T, Bouche P, Baumann N (1998) Peripheral neuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy correlations between M-protein antibody activity and cUnical/electrophysiological features in 40 cases. Muscle Nerve 21 55-62... 

Uzun, N., Savrun, R, Kiziltan, M. (2005). Electrophysiologic evaluation of peripheral nerve injuries in children following the Marmara earthquake. Journal of Child Neurology, 20(3), 207-212. 

Anderson, R.J., Dunham, C.B. (1985). Electrophysiologic changes in peripheral nerve following repeated exposure to organo-phosphorus agents. Arch. Toxicol. 58 97-101. 

Peripheral nerve function should be monitored by reviewing symptoms, regular neurological examination, and periodic screening of sensory nerve electrophysiology (58). If there is evidence of neuropathy, withdrawal of thalidomide should be considered the decision should be made on an individual basis and should take into account the seriousness and severity of the underlying condition and the severity of the neuropathy. 

Von Burg R, Rustam H. Electrophysiological investigations of methyl mercury intoxication in humans Evaluation of peripheral nerve by conduction velocity and electromyography. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1974 37 381 -92. 

The nervous system is the main site of toxicity for DDT. Effects are observed on both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripherally. There is significant alteration of neuronal membrane enzymatic and electrophysiological properties. In particular, sodium channels are altered such that once activated they close slowly, prolonging the depolarization of the nerve by interfering with the active transport of Na ions out of the axon. Potassium channels are also affected. DDT specifically affects Na", K -adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) and Ca " -AT-Pases, which inhibit repolarization of neurons. The membrane remains partially depolarized and is extremely sensitive to complete depolarization by very small stimuli. DDT also inhibits calmodulin that is necessary for Ca transport essential for the subsequent release of neurotransmitters. 

Richard Normann from the University of Utah spoke about his electrode arrays, which have been used to record both acute and chronic electrophysiological recordings from various brain structures in monkeys, cats, and rats [5]. The standard array is a 4.2-mm square grid with 100 silicon microelectrodes, 1.0 mm long, and a spacing of 0.4 mm (see Figure 35.3). Dr. Normann also spoke about his new Utah Slant Array (USA) electrodes, which have been used to record signals from peripheral nerve. 

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